⬆️ Update munich-quantum-toolkit/core from v3.9.1 to v3.10.0

[mqt-app]

Description

🤖 AI text below 🤖

Update MQT Core from 3.9.1 to 3.10.0 and complete the required downstream migrations.

• Raise the minimum mqt-core version in CMake and Python package metadata to 3.10.0, update the shared-library repair exclusions to SOVERSION 3.10, and require Qiskit 2.1 or newer.
• Update to nanobind 3.0.1. Build a cp311-abi3 wheel for GIL-enabled CPython 3.11+ and a cp315-abi3t wheel for free-threaded CPython 3.15+.
• Use QuantumComputation member operations for circuit normalization and remove the obsolete MQT::CoreCircuitOptimizer dependency and wheel-repair exclusions, as prepared in ♻️ Migrate circuit normalization to Core v4 #977.
• Replace the removed MQT::CoreAlgorithms dependency and DD gate-matrix helpers with local circuit generators and matrices.
• Preserve density-node semantics after their removal from the shared DD node base by recognizing temporarily tagged terminal pointers and keeping garbage-collection marks separate from density flags.

AI notice

The contents of this PR were created with the assistance of GPT-5.6 Sol via Codex.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes, or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.43697% with 18 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/CircuitGenerators.cpp	91.7%	18 Missing ⚠️

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[burgholzer]

LGTM 👍🏻