DCGAN is a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network. The DCGAN is comprised of two neural networks pitted against each other. The Generator neural net learns to create images that look real while the Discriminator learns to identify images that are fake.
Over time the images start to resemble the training input more and more. The images begin as random noise, and increasingly resemble hand written digits over time. Below gif shows 100 epochs of training:
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