Skip to content

Cpp.md

Latest commit

 

History

History
335 lines (279 loc) · 12.8 KB

Cpp.md

File metadata and controls

335 lines (279 loc) · 12.8 KB
Raw

Draft

  • The tool consumes a single preprocessed C++ source file, the following syntax is collected for this purpose.
  • The syntax has less restrictions than the real C++ language specification, because the tool assumes the input is correct.

Refactoring Work Items

  • Add exception messages so that the final application won't crash leaving nothing.

TODO

  • Built-in types and functions can be found here

    • __is_* and __has_* return null, arguments could be expressions or types, create a new Expr subclass.
      • This should be handled since arguments are not expressions
    • When more built-in things are found, list below:
      • Types
        • __make_integer_seq<A, B, Size> -> A<B>
        • __underlying_type -> int // should be enum's integral type
      • Functions (by default: ADL searching found nothing and evaluate to no type)
        • __builtin_addressof(EXPR) -> &EXPR without calling overloaded operators
        • __builtin_huge_valf(...) -> float
        • __builtin_nanf(...) -> float
        • __builtin_nansf(...) -> float

  • post

Document Generation

  • DocGen.ps1
    • DocGen.ps1 build-website builds WebsiteSource and download websites.
    • DocGen.ps1 copy copies files from website, website-doc1, code index HTML files, Cpp.js, Cpp.css. favicon.ico to vczh-libraries.github.io.
    • Fix signature for Curry.
  • Refine document comment
    • Generate C++ name -> <symbols> file, so that <article> could have hyper-links to document pages
    • VlppParser
      • Fix document for ParsingTable
      • Add header: in codegen so that generated files have license comment
      • Enable writing XML documents for AST
      • Regenerate XML and JSON parser
    • Workflow
      • Mark license on source files, generated files and codegen tools
      • Add header and comments to generated file
      • Syntax
    • GacUI
      • Mark license on source files, generated files and codegen tools
      • Add header and comments to generated file
      • XML Syntax
      • XML virtual class list
      • XML class to C++ class mapping
  • Improve WebsiteSource
    • Convert <seealso cref="CREF"/> to <seealsos><symbol/>...</seealsos>.
    • FileIndex.xml: file tree view
    • SymbolIndex.xml: symbol tree view, fragments will be generated in WebsiteSource
    • Sources/Source.html: HTML fragment for source files, hyper links are converted to numbers
    • Sources/Source.js: hyper link information for Source.html
    • generate a completed list of article pages to a text file for npm run download.
  • Connect reflection symbols to C++ symbols

Test Cases

  • this used in field initializer.

Bugs

  • When ParseIdExpr is called for NAME::, it needs to tell ResolveSymbolInContext to always ignore value symbols.
  • Create symbol for friend class X;.
  • Fix memory leaks.
  • STL Demo
    • Remove special handling for common_type_t<...>
  • TypePrinter Demo
    • Ensure that X<T> in template<typename T> void X<T>::F(){} points to the correct partial specializations.
  • Move __forceinline before declarator name to declaration.
    • Along with virtual and everything that could happen before a name.

Features

  • Core
    • GenericExpr allows to be partially applied only when GenericExpr is directly in a FuncAccessExpr::expr.
    • Consider about default values when matching partial specializations (both in GenericType and SpecializationSpec).
    • IFT_InferTemplateArgument.cpp Visit(GenericType* self) able to process multiple primary instances.
    • MatchPSArgument on decltype(EXPR), success when the type to match is not decltype(EXPR), or two expression match.
    • IsSameResolvedExprVisitor on lambda expressions.
    • std::initialization_list.
    • Converting lambda expression to a struct instead of any_t.
    • auto parameters on lambda expression.
    • Pass variadic template argument to placement new expression.
    • Create multiple instances if T<THIS> is evaluated to multiple type.
    • GenerateMembers on DeclInstance.
      • Generate ClassMemberCache for generated special members.
      • Generate special members for declarations with specializationSpec.
  • Render
    • Add link to #include "File" and #include <File>.
    • Attach document content to declarations.
    • Enable markdown inside xml elements in comment.
    • Resolve symbols in markdown in comment.
    • Enable <example> with predefined project types, extract all example, compile and index them.
    • Refactor the HTML generation part to becomes a library.
      • Extract <div> token rendering functions.

Lexical Conventions

Consumable UTF-32 code points:

  • Punctuators: _ { } [ ] # ( ) < > % : ; . ? * + - / ^ & | ~ ! = , \ " '
  • Legal characters in identifiers: 00A8, 00AA, 00AD, 00AF, 00B2-00B5, 00B7-00BA, 00BC-00BE, 00C0-00D6, 00D8-00F6, 00F8-00FF, 0100-02FF, 0370-167F, 1681-180D, 180F-1DBF, 1E00-1FFF, 200B-200D, 202A-202E, 203F-2040, 2054, 2060-206F, 2070-20CF, 2100-218F, 2460-24FF, 2776-2793, 2C00-2DFF, 2E80-2FFF, 3004-3007, 3021-302F, 3031-303F, 3040-D7FF, F900-FD3D, FD40-FDCF, FDF0-FE1F, FE30-FE44, FE47-FFFD, 10000-1FFFD, 20000-2FFFD, 30000-3FFFD, 40000-4FFFD, 50000-5FFFD, 60000-6FFFD, 70000-7FFFD, 80000-8FFFD, 90000-9FFFD, A0000-AFFFD, B0000-BFFFD, C0000-CFFFD, D0000-DFFFD, E0000-EFFFD
  • Legal characters in identifiers except the first: 0300-036F, 1DC0-1DFF, 20D0-20FF, FE20-FE2F
  • Keywords: Keywords
  • Integers: (\d+('?\d+)*|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)[uU]?[lL]?[lL]?
  • Floating: (\d+\.|\.\d+|\d+.\d+)([eE][+-]?\d+)?[fFlL]?
  • Binaries: 0[bB]\d+
  • Strings: (u|U|L|u8)?"([^\"]|\\.)*"
  • Raw Strings: (u|U|L|u8)?R"<name>([anything that is not ')<name>"']*)<name>"
  • Characters: (u|U|L|u8)?'([^\']|\\.)'
  • User-Defined Literals: Integer, character, float-point, boolean and string literals followed by an identifier without any delimiter.
  • Comment:
    • //[^/\r\n]?[^\r\n]*\r?\n
    • /\*([^*]|\*+[^*/])*\*/
    • ///[^\r\n]*\r?\n: It can be put before any declaration for documentation

EBNF for this Document

  • [ X ]: optional
  • { X }: repeating 0+ times
    • { X }+: X {X}
    • { X Y ... }: [X {Y X}]
    • { X Y ... }+: X {Y X}
  • ( X ): priority
  • X | Y: alternation

Supported C++ Syntax

  • Type parser function: parse a type, with zero, optional or more declarator.
    • zero declarator: still need a declarator, but it cannot have an identity name. e.g. type in generic type
    • optional declarator: the declarator has optional identity name. e.g. function parameter
    • else: each declarator should have an identity name. e.g. variable declaration
  • Declarator parser function: parse a type, with (maybe) optional identity name.

SPECIFIERS

Specifiers can be put before any declaration, it will be ignored by the tool

  • attributes: e.g. [[noreturn]]
  • __declspec( ... )

QUALIFIERS

  • {constexpr | const | volatile | & | &&}+

CALL

  • __cdecl
  • __clrcall
  • __stdcall
  • __fastcall
  • __thiscall
  • __vectorcall

EXCEPTION-SPEC

  • noexcept
  • throw ( {TYPE , ...} )

INITIALIZER

  • = EXPR
  • { {EXPR , ...} }
  • ( {EXPR , ...} )
    • When this initializer is ambiguous a function declaration, the initializer wins.

FUNCTION-TAIL

  • ( {TYPE-OPTIONAL [INITIALIZER] , ...} ) {QUALIFIERS | EXCEPTION-SPEC | -> TYPE | override)}

DECLARATOR

  • operator OPERATOR
  • IDENTIFIER [SPECIALIZATION-SPEC]: Only allowed for functions
  • SPECIFIERS DECLARATOR
  • CALL DECLARATOR
  • alignas ( EXPR ) DECLARATOR
  • TYPE :: DECLARATOR
  • ( DECLARATOR )
  • (* [__ptr32 | __ptr64] | & | &&) DECLARATOR
  • (constexpr | const | volatile) DECLARATOR
  • DECLARATOR [ [EXPR] ]
  • DECLARATOR FUNCTION-TAIL

TEMPLATE-SPEC

  • template < {TEMPLATE-SPEC-ITEM , ...} >
  • TEMPLATE-SPEC-ITEM:
    • TYPE-OPTIONAL-INITIALIZER
    • (template|class) [...] [IDENTIFIER] [= TYPE]
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC class [IDENTIFIER] [= TYPE]

SPECIALIZATION-SPEC

  • < {TYPE | EXPR} >

FUNCTION

  • [TEMPLATE-SPEC] {static | virtual | explicit | inline | __forceinline} TYPE-SINGLE (; | STAT) [ = (0 | default | delete)
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC
    • SPECIALIZATION-SPEC
  • [TEMPLATE-SPEC] {static | virtual | explicit | inline | __forceinline} operator TYPE-ZERO (; | STAT) [ = (0 | default | delete)
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC

OBJECT

  • [TEMPLATE-SPEC] (class | struct) [[SPECIFIERS] IDENTIFIER [SPECIALIZATION-SPEC]] [abstract] [: {TYPE , ...}+] [{ {DECL} }
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC: Not allowed when the class is defined after typedef, or is anonymous followed by variable declaration.
    • SPECIALIZATION-SPEC
  • enum [class | struct] [[SPECIFIERS]IDENTIFIER] [: TYPE] [{ {IDENTIFIER [= EXPR] , ...} [,] }
  • [TEMPLATE-SPEC] union [[SPECIFIERS]IDENTIFIER [SPECIALIZATION-SPEC]] [{ {DECL} }
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC: Not allowed when the class is defined after typedef, or is anonymous followed by variable declaration.
    • SPECIALIZATION-SPEC

DECL (Declaration)

  • Friend: friend DECL ;
  • Extern" extern [STRING] (DECL ; | { {DECLARATION ...} })
  • Type definition: (CLASS_STRUCT | ENUM | UNION) {DECLARATOR [INITIALIZER] , ...}+ ;
  • Type alias:
    • typedef (CLASS_STRUCT | ENUM | UNION) {DECLARATOR , ...}+ ; (no template)
    • typedef TYPE-MULTIPLE-INITIALIZER ; (no template)
      • TEMPLATE-SPEC and SPECIALIZATION-SPEC are disallowed here
  • Type definition: [TEMPLATE-SPEC] using IDENTIFIER = TYPE ; (no specialization)
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC
  • Import: using { [typename] [TYPE :: IDENTIFIER] , ...} ;
  • Variable: {register | static | thread_local | mutable} TYPE-MULTIPLE-INITIALIZER ;
    • TEMPLATE-SPEC: for value aliases
  • Namespace namespace {IDENTIFIER :: ...}+ { {DECLARATION} }
  • Ctor, Dtor: [~] IDENTIFIER ({TYPE [DECLARATOR] [INITIALIZER] , ...}) [EXCEPTION-SPEC] STAT
  • FUNCTION

TYPE (Type)

  • auto
  • decltype ( (EXPR) )
  • (constexpr | const | volatile) TYPE
  • TYPE (constexpr | const | volatile)
  • void | bool
  • char | wchar_t | char16_t | char32_t
  • [signed | unsigned] (__int8 | __int16 | __int32 | __int64 | __m64 | __m128 | __m128d | __m128i)
  • [TYPE :: [typename]] IDENTIFIER
  • TYPE < {(TYPE | EXPR) , ...}+ >
  • TYPE ...

STAT (Statement)

  • IDENTIFIER : STAT
  • default : STAT
  • case EXPR : STAT
  • ;
  • { {STAT ...} }
  • {EXPR , ...}+ ;
  • DECL
  • break ;
  • continue ;
  • while ( EXPR ) STAT
  • do STAT while ( EXPR ) ;
  • for ([TYPE {[DECLARATOR] [INITIALIZER] , ...}] ; [EXPR] ; [EXPR]) STAT
  • for (TYPE-SINGLE-DECLARATOR : EXPR) STAT
  • if [constexpr] ([STAT ;] [TYPE IDENTIFIER =] EXPR ) STAT [else STAT]
  • switch ( {STAT} EXPR ) { STAT }
  • try STAT catch ( TYPE-OPTIONAL-DECLARATOR ) STAT
  • return EXPR ;
  • goto IDENTIFIER ;
  • __try STAT __except ( EXPR ) STAT
  • __try STAT __finally STAT
  • __leave ;
  • (__if_exists | __if_not_exists) ( EXPR ) STAT

EXPR (Expression)

  • LITERAL
  • { ... }
  • this
  • nullptr
  • IDENTIFIER
  • :: IDENTIFIER
  • TYPE :: IDENTIFIER
  • ( EXPR-WITH-COMMA )
  • OPERATOR EXPR
    • predefined operators
  • EXPR OPERATOR
    • EXPR ( {EXPR , ...} )
    • EXPR [ EXPR ]
    • EXPR < {TYPE , ...} >
    • predefined operators
  • EXPR OPERATOR EXPR
    • EXPR (. | ->) IDENTIFIER
    • EXPR (.* | ->*) EXPR
    • predefined operators
  • EXPR ? EXPR : EXPR
  • (dynamic_cast | static_cast | const_cast | reinterpret_cast | safe_cast) < TYPE > ( EXPR )
  • typeid ( (TYPE | EXPR) )
  • sizeof [...] EXPR
    • ...
  • sizeof [...] ( TYPE )
    • ...
  • ( TYPE ) EXPR
  • new [( {EXPR , ...}+ )] TYPE [( {EXPR , ... } ) | [{ {EXPR , ... } }]]
  • delete [[ ]] EXPR
  • throw EXPR
  • EXPR ...
  • ::new
  • ::delete
  • [ {& | = | [IDENTIFIER =] EXPR | } ] FUNCTION-TAIL STAT

Operators

Built-in Operators, Precedence and Associativity

Precedence Groups

  1. : primitive
  2. : ::
  3. : . -> [] () x++ x--
  4. (<-): sizeof new delete ++x --x ~ ! -x +x &x *x (T)E
  5. : .* ->*
  6. : * / %
  7. : + -
  8. : << >>
  9. : < > <= >=
  10. : == !=
  11. : &
  12. : ^
  13. : |
  14. : &&
  15. : ||
  16. (<-): a?b:c
  17. (<-): = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= |= ^=
  18. (<-): throw
  19. : ,