diff --git a/.github/workflows/CI-guided-navigation.yml b/.github/workflows/CI-guided-navigation.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a67d111c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/CI-guided-navigation.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+name: CI-guided-navigation
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - 'guided-navigation/**'
+      - 'helpers/**'
+      - 'shared/**'
+      - '.github/workflows/CI-guided-navigation.yml'
+      - 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build and test on Node ${{ matrix.node }} and ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: ./guided-navigation
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        node: ['24.x', '26.x']
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+
+      - name: Use Node ${{ matrix.node }}
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
+          cache: 'pnpm'
+
+      - name: Install deps
+        run: pnpm install
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: pnpm run test --ci --maxWorkers=2
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: pnpm run build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/CI.yml b/.github/workflows/CI.yml
index d3f511ea..201ebf4f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/CI.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/CI.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - 'shared/**'
       - '.github/workflows/CI.yml'
-      - '.pnpm-lock.yaml'
+      - 'pnpm-lock.yaml'
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./shared
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        node: ['22.x', '24.x']
+        node: ['24.x', '26.x']
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
 
     steps:
diff --git a/decorator/CHANGELOG.MD b/decorator/CHANGELOG.MD
index b7c57de1..cf38de7d 100644
--- a/decorator/CHANGELOG.MD
+++ b/decorator/CHANGELOG.MD
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [1.2.5] – 2026-10-01
+
+### Changed
+
+- Republished against `@readium/navigator-html-injectables@2.8.5`/`@readium/shared@2.7.0`
+
 ## [1.2.4] – 2026-09-29
 
 ### Changed
diff --git a/decorator/package.json b/decorator/package.json
index 43aba1ac..7de5d2a9 100644
--- a/decorator/package.json
+++ b/decorator/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@readium/decorator",
-  "version": "1.2.4",
+  "version": "1.2.5",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Standalone decoration controller and renderer for HTML content",
   "author": "readium",
diff --git a/guided-navigation/.gitattributes b/guided-navigation/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e256bfa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fixtures/** text eol=lf
diff --git a/guided-navigation/.gitignore b/guided-navigation/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..296702ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+*.log
+.DS_Store
+node_modules
+dist
+types
+coverage
diff --git a/guided-navigation/CHANGELOG.MD b/guided-navigation/CHANGELOG.MD
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68424624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/CHANGELOG.MD
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [1.0.0] – 2026-10-01
+
+### Added
+
+- `makeGnd` and `parseMarkup` generate Guided Navigation documents and objects from HTML and XHTML, as `@readium/shared` models
+- `textrefs` generation option, with CSS selector, DOM range and text fragment references
+- `htmlFallback` generation option, to re-parse malformed XHTML as HTML instead of throwing
+- `decodeTextref`, `combineDomRangeTextrefs`, and encoders/decoders for `#css(...)` and `#domrange(...)` references
+- `isAriaSubstituted` and `substitutedOwnSelector` for text taken from `aria-label`/`aria-labelledby`
+- A language-agnostic fixture suite in `fixtures/`
diff --git a/guided-navigation/README.md b/guided-navigation/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fe96556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# @readium/guided-navigation
+
+Generates [Guided Navigation](https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation) (GND) documents from HTML and XHTML, as [`@readium/shared`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@readium/shared) `GuidedNavigationDocument`/`GuidedNavigationObject` instances.
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+npm install @readium/guided-navigation
+```
+
+Needs DOM globals (`DOMParser`, `XMLSerializer`, `Range`, `CSS.escape`…): a browser, or a DOM implementation such as jsdom installed on `globalThis`. No HTML/XML parser is bundled.
+
+## Building a GND document
+
+```typescript
+import { makeGnd } from "@readium/guided-navigation";
+
+const gnd = makeGnd(`
+  <section epub:type="chapter">
+    <h1>Chapter One</h1>
+    <p>It was a dark and stormy night.</p>
+  </section>
+`);
+// gnd?.guided: GuidedNavigationObject[]
+```
+
+```typescript
+function makeGnd(input: string | Element, mediaType?: GndMediaType, options?: GndGenerationOptions): GuidedNavigationDocument | undefined;
+function parseMarkup(input: string | Element, mediaType?: GndMediaType, options?: GndGenerationOptions): GuidedNavigationObject[];
+```
+
+`input` is either raw markup, or a live, already-rendered element to convert in place — see `domRange` below for why that distinction matters. `mediaType` is `"text/html" | "application/xhtml+xml"`. Omit it to sniff from `input` (a string: XML declaration, `xmlns:epub`, XHTML doctype → XHTML, else HTML; an element: its own document's content type).
+
+Malformed XHTML (an undeclared `epub:` prefix, an HTML entity like `&nbsp;`…) throws. Pass `{ htmlFallback: true }` in `options` to re-parse it as HTML instead.
+
+`makeGnd` returns `undefined` when the input has no navigable content, since a document's `guided` can't be empty. `parseMarkup` returns the objects without the document wrapper, and an empty array in that case.
+
+Use `serialize()` on the result to get the JSON.
+
+## Text references (`textrefs`)
+
+Off by default — it costs extra compute to generate. When on, every node with a role gets a `textref`: a link back to the element it came from, either `#id` (if it has one) or `#css(<selector>)`. It's a URI reference, not a Readium `Locator`.
+
+```typescript
+interface GndGenerationOptions {
+  textrefs?: boolean | GndRole[] | TextrefOptions;
+}
+
+interface TextrefOptions {
+  roles?: boolean | GndRole[]; // which roles get a reference; true = every role
+  domRange?: boolean;          // also compute exact textNodeIndex/charOffset
+  textFragment?: boolean;      // also append a WICG Text Fragment directive
+}
+```
+
+```typescript
+makeGnd(html, undefined, { textrefs: true });                       // every role
+makeGnd(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["heading1", "paragraph"] });  // just these roles
+```
+
+Whatever the option, a node with no text, children or other ref of its own (e.g. `<hr>`, or `<span role="img" aria-label="…">`) always gets a `textref` to its element, since the schema requires one of them. So does every `math` node, to locate it.
+
+`roles` also accepts `"leaf-text"`, not a real GND role — it matches a roleless block that owns its own text directly (e.g. a `<div>` standing in for `<p>`, no role, no semantic tag). `true` already includes it; in an array, add it explicitly:
+
+```typescript
+makeGnd(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });               // only roleless leaf-text blocks
+makeGnd(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["leaf-text", "heading1"] });   // that, plus real headings
+```
+
+`domRange` makes the reference more precise: `#domrange(...)`, pointing at the exact text node and character offset, not just the element. This only works if you pass a live DOM element as `input` (not an HTML string) — pass a string and `domRange` is silently skipped, because a string gets parsed into a detached copy you can't point back to:
+
+```typescript
+makeGnd(document.querySelector("article")!, undefined, {
+  textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true },
+});
+```
+
+`cssSelector` and `domRange` prefer an id, then a unique class or tag, falling back to `tag:nth-child(n)` only when none of those disambiguate a node from its siblings. That fallback (and `domRange`'s text-node index/offset, which is positional regardless) is only accurate against the DOM as it existed at generation time.
+
+`textFragment` adds a [WICG Text Fragment](https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/) directive on top of whatever reference you already have, e.g. `#css(p.foo):~:text=It%20was...`. It only needs the text, so — unlike `domRange` — it works fine with a plain HTML string:
+
+```typescript
+makeGnd(html, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+```
+
+The directive is generated by Google's [text-fragments-polyfill](https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/text-fragments-polyfill) (via `@readium/helpers`). If the node's text is unique in the document, that text is the whole directive. If it's repeated (e.g. the same heading twice), the polyfill adds a bit of surrounding text so it matches only one spot. If it still can't make it unique, no directive is generated.
+
+If the node's text is too long, the polyfill only keeps the first few words and the last few words (`textStart` and `textEnd`), instead of the whole thing.
+
+Use `decodeTextref({ id, textref })` to read a `textref` back. It returns:
+
+```typescript
+{ cssSelector?, domRange?, text?, fragment? }
+```
+
+- Exact match (one quote) → `text: { highlight, before?, after? }`
+- Range (the `textStart`/`textEnd` case above) → `fragment` (the raw `:~:text=...` string)
+
+It returns `undefined` if the `textref` isn't one of ours (e.g. it's a plain link's `href`). `combineDomRangeTextrefs(first, last)` joins two decoded `domRange` references into one spanning both.
+
+The lower-level pieces are exported too: `encodeCssSelectorFragment(selector)`/`decodeCssSelectorFragment(textref)` for `#css(...)`, and `encodeDomRangeFragment(domRange)`/`decodeDomRangeFragment(textref)` for `#domrange(...)` (a `DomRangeJSON`: `{ start: { cssSelector, textNodeIndex, charOffset? }, end?: {...} }`, the RWPM shape behind `@readium/shared`'s `DomRange`).
+
+## Objects
+
+- **`role`** can have multiple entries: tag name, ARIA `role`, `epub:type` all contribute, in that order (e.g. `<section epub:type="chapter">` → `["section", "chapter"]`). `role="presentation"`/`"none"` overrides everything to `["presentation"]`.
+- **`text`** carries `ssml` when the text needs it (inline formatting, a language shift, or an embedded footnote/pagebreak/image mid-sentence). `ssml` marks embedded objects with a `<readium:noteref id="..." />`-style placeholder whose `id` matches a sibling in `children`.
+- **`math`** nodes carry MathML as-is in `text.ssml` (`<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">…</math>`), or other `role="math"` markup's content in `text.plain`, with `alttext`/`aria-label` as `description`.
+- **`imgref`/`audioref`/`videoref`** are a media element's `src`. **`textref`** is an `href` — reused for navigational-list items (`toc`, `index`...), `noteref`/`backlink`/`biblioref`/`glossref`, and plain links.
+- **`description`** holds a node's accessible name (`aria-label`, `alt`, `<figcaption>`...) as `description.text` when it differs from its visible text.
+- Empty/presentational/`aria-hidden`/`hidden` content and role-less wrapper `<div>`s are dropped from the tree, not kept as empty nodes.
+- A block whose only child has no role/id/ref of its own gets that child's text hoisted into it: `<p><em>Cover</em></p>` → `{ role: ["paragraph"], text: { plain: "Cover" } }`, not a nested anonymous child. A child carrying its own ref is never hoisted: `<p><a href="...">Cover</a></p>` → `{ role: ["paragraph"], children: [{ text: { plain: "Cover" }, textref: "..." }] }`.
+
+When `text` comes from `aria-label`/`aria-labelledby` instead of the element's content, it isn't on the page. `isAriaSubstituted(object)` tells such objects apart, and `substitutedOwnSelector(object)` returns a substituted link's own CSS selector, since its `textref` is its `href`. Both only know about objects returned by `parseMarkup`/`makeGnd`, not deserialized ones.
+
+## Footnotes and pagebreaks
+
+Both are read out of narrative order, so the converter handles them specially:
+
+- **`noteref`** (`<a role="doc-noteref" href="#note1">`) resolves its `href` and embeds the target's whole subtree as `children` — no second lookup needed. Unresolvable hrefs get a plain `textref` child instead. The footnote is suppressed from also appearing at its original location — except when that location is inside an `endnotes` section, where it's kept so the section's own list isn't left silent. The kept footnote keeps its id, and the noteref gets a generated one (`noteref1`…) instead.
+- **`pagebreak`** (`<span epub:type="pagebreak" title="42">`) carries its label as `text`. Mid-sentence, it's a `<readium:pagebreak id="..." />` placeholder in that sentence's `ssml`, with the pagebreak node as a sibling `children` entry.
+
+## Roles
+
+Three independent sources, mapped in [`src/roles.ts`](src/roles.ts):
+
+1. **Element type** — `<h1>` → `heading1`, `<nav>` → `navigation`, `<blockquote>` → `blockquote`, etc.
+2. **ARIA role** — `role="doc-chapter"` → `chapter`, `role="figure"` → `figure`, etc. `role="heading"` reads its level from `aria-level` (default `2`).
+3. **`epub:type`** — `epub:type="chapter"` → `chapter`, `epub:type="pagebreak"` → `pagebreak`, etc. (XHTML only, see below).
+
+## `epub:type` requires XHTML
+
+`epub:type` only means anything in namespace-aware XHTML. Pass a complete XHTML document (`xmlns:epub` on the root):
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>...</title></head>
+<body>
+  <section epub:type="chapter">...</section>
+</body>
+</html>
+```
+
+ARIA roles and native elements work as plain HTML fragments.
+
+## Fixtures
+
+[`fixtures/`](fixtures/README.md) is a language-agnostic conformance suite for HTML → GND, shipped with the package.
+
+## Development
+
+```sh
+pnpm run test    # Jest
+pnpm run build   # outputs dist/ and types/
+pnpm run generate-fixtures-manifest
+```
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/README.md b/guided-navigation/fixtures/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c742325e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# Guided Navigation Test Fixtures
+
+This directory is a language-agnostic conformance test suite for two pipeline
+stages:
+
+1. **HTML parsing** — reading a document or fragment of HTML/XHTML.
+2. **Guided Navigation (GND) generation** — mapping the parsed HTML
+   onto the [Guided Navigation](https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation)
+   role vocabulary defined in
+   [`roles.md`](https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md).
+
+[`@readium/speech`](https://github.com/readium/speech) extends it with
+expected utterances for each fixture.
+
+Fixtures here are **plain files on disk** (HTML + JSON) — not code. Any
+platform (TypeScript, Kotlin, Swift, ...) can consume them with nothing more
+than a JSON parser and a file reader. There is no query language, template
+system, or fixture-specific code to learn.
+
+## Directory layout
+
+```
+fixtures/
+  README.md              this file
+  manifest.json          flat index of every fixture, for discovery without a filesystem walk (generated — do not hand-edit)
+  ROLES_COVERAGE.md       flat list of every role covered and its fixtures (generated — do not hand-edit)
+  <fixture-id>/
+    meta.json             fixture metadata
+    input.html             the input markup as HTML (a fragment or a full document, see meta.json.inputKind);
+                            or input.xhtml when the fixture's content is XHTML (all *-epub-type fixtures)
+    gnd.json               the expected Guided Navigation object(s) produced from the input file:
+                            one object, or `{ "children": [...] }` for several top-level siblings
+```
+
+`manifest.json` and `ROLES_COVERAGE.md` are both generated from the
+`meta.json` files on disk by `scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js`
+(`pnpm run generate-fixtures-manifest`) — the filesystem is the source of
+truth, not either of these files. Never hand-edit them; run the script
+instead.
+
+[roles.md](https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md)
+was the seed used to originally populate this suite — it is not something
+this suite continues to track itself against. Its tier/table categorization
+does not appear anywhere in `meta.json`, `manifest.json`, or
+`ROLES_COVERAGE.md` — only `role` does, since that's the actual content type
+being tested (a "footnote", a "list", ...), not a classification scheme.
+
+Each fixture directory is fully self-contained and independently loadable.
+
+## Fixture granularity
+
+**One fixture = one distinct, scoped behavior.** Concretely:
+
+- **One fixture per role, per distinct HTML encoding.** roles.md documents
+  up to three ways of expressing a role: a native HTML element, an explicit
+  ARIA role (`role="doc-..."` or a plain ARIA role), and an EPUB `epub:type`
+  attribute. Every one of these is a separate code path through stage 1
+  (HTML parsing), even when two encodings produce an identical GND result —
+  so each gets its own fixture, distinguished by its id/description and
+  visible directly in its `input.html` (e.g. `list-html-native` vs.
+  `list-role-aria` vs. `list-epub-type`). This isn't tracked as a field in
+  `meta.json` — it's not information a consumer needs to look up, just a
+  reason more than one fixture exists for the same role.
+- **Trivial repetition is bundled into one fixture.** `heading1`...`heading6`
+  are the same pathway repeated at six depths, not six distinct behaviors —
+  they live together in one `heading-*` fixture. Multiple `<li>` inside one
+  `<ul>` is one `list-*` fixture, not one per item.
+
+## `meta.json` schema
+
+```jsonc
+{
+  "id": "footnote-epub-type",             // must match the directory name
+  "description": "Footnote encoded via epub:type, referenced by a noteref",
+  "role": "footnote",                     // the roles.md role name this fixture targets
+  "rolesCovered": ["footnote", "noteref"],// every role name this fixture's markup exercises
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"                 // "fragment" | "document"
+}
+```
+
+`role` is a roles.md role name for the vast majority of fixtures — one
+covering a concern that cuts across roles rather than targeting one, such
+as language resolution, instead uses a short pseudo-role naming that
+concern (e.g. `"language"`) not found in roles.md. `rolesCovered` still lists the real roles.md role(s) the
+fixture's markup exercises, so that coverage tracking in
+`ROLES_COVERAGE.md` stays accurate either way.
+
+## `gnd.json` and the Guided Navigation schema
+
+Every object in `gnd.json` is valid against the
+[Guided Navigation schema](https://readium.org/guided-navigation/schema/document.schema.json):
+`text` is always a text object (`{ "plain": ... }`), `description` a
+description object (`{ "text": { "plain": ... } }`), and every object has
+at least one of `audioref`, `imgref`, `textref`, `videoref`, `text` or
+`children`.
+
+`textref` values generated from the markup (`#id`, `#css(...)`) depend on
+each implementation's selector generator, so they aren't compared. They
+only appear in `gnd.json` on `math` objects and where the schema requires
+them, e.g. a `separator`.
+
+## `epub:type` fixtures are full XHTML documents
+
+`epub:type` is only meaningful in XHTML with the `epub` namespace declared on
+the document root — it is **not** a plain-HTML attribute, and there is no
+"parse it as a literal attribute name in an HTML5 document" fallback: real
+EPUB reading systems parse content documents as namespace-aware XHTML. Every
+`*-epub-type` fixture therefore has `inputKind: "document"` and its
+`input.xhtml` is a complete document:
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head><meta charset="utf-8"/><title>Fixture</title></head>
+<body>
+  <div epub:type="chapter">...</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+```
+
+By contrast, `role-aria` and `html-native` fixtures stay as bare fragments
+(`inputKind: "fragment"`) since ARIA roles and native HTML elements don't
+require any namespace declaration.
+
+## Navigational-list roles
+
+Roles whose roles.md definition is "a list of links to X" or "a collection
+of X" (`landmarks`, `loa`, `loi`, `lot`, `lov`, `pagelist`, `toc`, `index`,
+`bibliography`, `glossary`, `endnotes`, `credits`) are modeled as an actual
+`list`/`listItem` structure, not a flat text blob — because that's what they
+are. A `listItem` that links to a target elsewhere in the work carries a
+`textref` alongside its visible `text`, reusing the same field the
+footnote/endnote fixtures already use for cross-references:
+
+```jsonc
+{ "role": ["listItem"], "text": { "plain": "Cover" }, "textref": "cover.xhtml" }
+```
+
+## `manifest.json`
+
+A flat JSON array, one entry per fixture:
+
+```jsonc
+[
+  {
+    "id": "footnote-epub-type",
+    "dir": "footnote-epub-type",
+    "role": "footnote",
+    "description": "Footnote encoded via epub:type, referenced by a noteref",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  }
+]
+```
+
+Any test runner, in any language, reads this one file to discover every
+fixture and resolve its file paths — no directory listing required.
+
+## Consuming a fixture (any platform)
+
+1. Read `manifest.json`, iterate its entries.
+2. For each entry, read `files.input` (`input.html` or `input.xhtml`) and run
+   it through your implementation of HTML → GND.
+3. Compare the result to `gnd.json`, ignoring `textref` values generated
+   from the markup (see above).
+
+## Adding a new fixture
+
+1. `mkdir fixtures/<id>` and hand-write `input.html` (or `input.xhtml` for an
+   `epub:type` fixture, since `epub:type` requires XHTML — see above) for the
+   specific markup being tested.
+2. Hand-author `gnd.json` — the ground truth implementations must match.
+3. Write `meta.json`.
+4. Run `pnpm run generate-fixtures-manifest` to regenerate `manifest.json`
+   and `ROLES_COVERAGE.md` from what's now on disk.
+
+## This suite is not finished
+
+New roles, new encodings, and new real-world edge cases get added to
+`fixtures/` as they're encountered — this is a living suite, not a fixed
+checklist against any external document.
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/ROLES_COVERAGE.md b/guided-navigation/fixtures/ROLES_COVERAGE.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3a3a547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/ROLES_COVERAGE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Fixture Coverage
+
+Every role currently covered by a fixture in this directory, generated from
+`fixtures/*/meta.json` by `scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js` — do not
+hand-edit this file. Run `npm run generate-fixtures-manifest` after adding,
+renaming, or removing a fixture.
+
+| Role | Fixtures |
+| --- | --- |
+| `abstract` | `abstract-epub-type`, `abstract-role-aria` |
+| `acknowledgments` | `acknowledgments-epub-type`, `acknowledgments-role-aria` |
+| `afterword` | `afterword-epub-type`, `afterword-role-aria` |
+| `appendix` | `appendix-epub-type`, `appendix-role-aria` |
+| `article` | `article-html-native`, `article-role-aria` |
+| `aside` | `aside-epub-type`, `aside-html-native` |
+| `audio` | `audio-html-native`, `audio-no-description` |
+| `backlink` | `backlink-epub-type`, `backlink-role-aria` |
+| `bibliography` | `bibliography-epub-type`, `bibliography-role-aria` |
+| `biblioref` | `biblioref-epub-type`, `biblioref-role-aria` |
+| `blockquote` | `blockquote-html-native`, `blockquote-role-aria` |
+| `body` | `body-html-native` |
+| `chapter` | `chapter-epub-type`, `chapter-role-aria` |
+| `colophon` | `colophon-epub-type`, `colophon-role-aria` |
+| `complementary` | `complementary-role-aria` |
+| `conclusion` | `conclusion-epub-type`, `conclusion-role-aria` |
+| `cover` | `cover-epub-type`, `cover-role-aria` |
+| `credit` | `credit-epub-type`, `credit-role-aria` |
+| `credits` | `credits-epub-type`, `credits-role-aria` |
+| `dedication` | `dedication-epub-type`, `dedication-role-aria` |
+| `definition` | `definition-epub-type`, `definition-html-native`, `definition-role-aria` |
+| `details` | `details-html-native`, `details-summary-html-native` |
+| `endnotes` | `endnotes-epub-type`, `endnotes-role-aria` |
+| `epigraph` | `epigraph-epub-type`, `epigraph-role-aria` |
+| `epilogue` | `epilogue-epub-type`, `epilogue-role-aria` |
+| `errata` | `errata-epub-type`, `errata-role-aria` |
+| `example` | `example-epub-type`, `example-role-aria` |
+| `figure` | `figure-basic-html-native`, `figure-basic-role-aria`, `figure-caption-element-html-native`, `figure-caption-element-role-aria`, `figure-caption-html-native`, `figure-caption-role-aria`, `figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption`, `figure-credit-nested-in-caption`, `figure-credit-role-aria`, `figure-describedby`, `figure-epub-type`, `figure-no-description` |
+| `footnote` | `footnote-epub-type`, `footnote-role-aria`, `noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type`, `noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria` |
+| `foreword` | `foreword-epub-type`, `foreword-role-aria` |
+| `glossary` | `glossary-epub-type`, `glossary-role-aria` |
+| `glossref` | `glossref-epub-type`, `glossref-role-aria`, `glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence` |
+| `header` | `header-html-native` |
+| `heading` | `heading-html-native`, `heading-role-aria` |
+| `image` | `image-alt-html-native`, `image-no-description`, `image-role-aria` |
+| `index` | `index-epub-type`, `index-role-aria` |
+| `introduction` | `introduction-epub-type`, `introduction-role-aria` |
+| `landmarks` | `landmarks-epub-type` |
+| `language` | `language-block`, `language-document`, `language-inline-lang-attribute`, `language-inline-nested`, `language-inline-repeated`, `language-inline-two-languages` |
+| `list` | `list-aria-posinset-setsize`, `list-epub-type`, `list-html-native`, `list-item-posinset-override`, `list-item-value-override`, `list-ordered-html-native`, `list-ordered-reversed`, `list-ordered-start`, `list-role-aria` |
+| `loa` | `loa-epub-type` |
+| `loi` | `loi-epub-type` |
+| `lot` | `lot-epub-type` |
+| `lov` | `lov-epub-type` |
+| `main` | `main-html-native`, `main-role-aria` |
+| `math` | `math-html-native`, `math-no-description`, `math-role-aria` |
+| `navigation` | `navigation-html-native`, `navigation-role-aria` |
+| `noteref` | `noteref-role-aria` |
+| `notice` | `notice-epub-type`, `notice-role-aria` |
+| `pagebreak` | `pagebreak-epub-type`, `pagebreak-role-aria` |
+| `pagelist` | `pagelist-epub-type`, `pagelist-role-aria` |
+| `paragraph` | `paragraph-basic` |
+| `part` | `part-epub-type`, `part-role-aria` |
+| `preface` | `preface-epub-type`, `preface-role-aria` |
+| `preformatted` | `preformatted-html-native` |
+| `presentation` | `heading-role-presentation`, `hidden-aria-hidden-html-native`, `hidden-attribute-html-native`, `image-decorative-empty-alt`, `image-decorative-role-presentation`, `image-decorative-whitespace-alt`, `listitem-role-presentation`, `presentation-role-aria`, `table-nested-in-presentation-table`, `table-role-presentation-explicit-cell`, `table-role-presentation-html-native`, `table-role-presentation-role-aria` |
+| `prologue` | `prologue-epub-type`, `prologue-role-aria` |
+| `pullquote` | `pullquote-epub-type`, `pullquote-role-aria` |
+| `qna` | `qna-epub-type`, `qna-role-aria` |
+| `region` | `region-role-aria` |
+| `section` | `section-html-native` |
+| `separator` | `separator-html-native`, `separator-role-aria`, `separator-with-glyphs` |
+| `subtitle` | `subtitle-epub-type`, `subtitle-role-aria` |
+| `summary` | `summary-html-native` |
+| `table` | `table-caption`, `table-caption-element-html-native`, `table-caption-role-aria`, `table-colspan-html-native`, `table-colspan-role-aria`, `table-epub-type`, `table-html-native`, `table-in-role-none-wrapper`, `table-nested-html-native`, `table-nested-role-aria`, `table-no-headers`, `table-role-aria`, `table-rowgroup-role-aria`, `table-rowspan-html-native`, `table-rowspan-role-aria`, `table-sectioning`, `table-th-no-scope` |
+| `term` | `term-epub-type`, `term-html-native`, `term-role-aria` |
+| `tip` | `tip-epub-type`, `tip-role-aria` |
+| `toc` | `toc-epub-type`, `toc-role-aria` |
+| `video` | `video-html-native`, `video-no-description` |
+
+178 fixtures across 69 roles.
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..419d172b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "This work examines the maintenance of coastal lighthouses in the 19th century."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "abstract"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7eacaac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="abstract">This work examines the maintenance of coastal lighthouses in the 19th century.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14a6a2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "abstract-epub-type",
+  "description": "abstract role via epub:type=\"abstract\"",
+  "role": "abstract",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "abstract"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..916bc832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "abstract"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "This work examines the maintenance of coastal lighthouses in the 19th century."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea23842d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-abstract">This work examines the maintenance of coastal lighthouses in the 19th century.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45aba7bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/abstract-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "abstract-role-aria",
+  "description": "abstract role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-abstract\"",
+  "role": "abstract",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "abstract"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d74bd9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "The author thanks the keepers of Fastnet Rock for their recollections."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "acknowledgments"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46d3cb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="acknowledgments">The author thanks the keepers of Fastnet Rock for their recollections.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15c6295e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "acknowledgments-epub-type",
+  "description": "acknowledgments role via epub:type=\"acknowledgments\"",
+  "role": "acknowledgments",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "acknowledgments"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a5241ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "acknowledgments"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The author thanks the keepers of Fastnet Rock for their recollections."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf0e73c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-acknowledgments">The author thanks the keepers of Fastnet Rock for their recollections.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4193faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/acknowledgments-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "acknowledgments-role-aria",
+  "description": "acknowledgments role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-acknowledgments\"",
+  "role": "acknowledgments",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "acknowledgments"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76f50285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Years later, the last lighthouse keeper reflects on automation."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "afterword"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef1feeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="afterword">Years later, the last lighthouse keeper reflects on automation.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35352e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "afterword-epub-type",
+  "description": "afterword role via epub:type=\"afterword\"",
+  "role": "afterword",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "afterword"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1262d7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "afterword"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Years later, the last lighthouse keeper reflects on automation."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..202a6dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-afterword">Years later, the last lighthouse keeper reflects on automation.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c42964d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/afterword-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "afterword-role-aria",
+  "description": "afterword role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-afterword\"",
+  "role": "afterword",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "afterword"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54e4db1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A table of lighthouse construction dates referenced in the text."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "appendix"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..506f1056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="appendix">A table of lighthouse construction dates referenced in the text.</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d52c6780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "appendix-epub-type",
+  "description": "appendix role via epub:type=\"appendix\" on a <section>",
+  "role": "appendix",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "appendix"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cd66c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "appendix"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A table of lighthouse construction dates referenced in the text."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36b3dbc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-appendix">A table of lighthouse construction dates referenced in the text.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66b3bd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/appendix-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "appendix-role-aria",
+  "description": "appendix role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-appendix\"",
+  "role": "appendix",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "appendix"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9a70e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "article"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A self-contained article about lighthouse keeping."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ae1796a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<article>A self-contained article about lighthouse keeping.</article>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79727e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "article-html-native",
+  "description": "article role via native <article> element",
+  "role": "article",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "article"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e307062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A self-contained article about lighthouse keeping."
+  },
+  "role": [
+    "article"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3b9a7bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="article">A self-contained article about lighthouse keeping.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44eb0fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/article-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "article-role-aria",
+  "description": "article role via explicit ARIA role=\"article\" — the only encoding of this role previously untested; article-html-native covers the native <article> element",
+  "role": "article",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "article"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..906b825f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A tangential note, set apart from the main text."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "aside"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04f1fdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="aside">A tangential note, set apart from the main text.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3a47a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "aside-epub-type",
+  "description": "aside role via epub:type=\"aside\" on a neutral <div> (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <aside> tag mapping) — the only encoding of this role previously untested; aside-html-native covers the native element",
+  "role": "aside",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "aside"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de6a211c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "aside"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "By the way, lighthouses were once staffed around the clock."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a346f185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<aside>By the way, lighthouses were once staffed around the clock.</aside>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87272cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/aside-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "aside-html-native",
+  "description": "aside role via native <aside> element",
+  "role": "aside",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "aside"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2127344b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "audio"
+  ],
+  "audioref": "foghorn-recording.mp3",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Foghorn recording from the 1962 restoration"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75f0614e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<audio src="foghorn-recording.mp3" controls aria-label="Foghorn recording from the 1962 restoration"></audio>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9ff5512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "audio-html-native",
+  "description": "audio role via native <audio src> element, with an aria-label as the accessible description",
+  "role": "audio",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "audio"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8eaa455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "audioref": "rain-sound.mp3",
+  "role": [
+    "audio"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77a29bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<audio src="rain-sound.mp3" controls></audio>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baed129e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/audio-no-description/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "audio-no-description",
+  "description": "audio role via native <audio src> element, with no accessible name at all",
+  "role": "audio",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "audio"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c97ca68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "textref": "#ref1",
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Return to reference"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "backlink"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79c76f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<a href="#ref1" epub:type="backlink">Return to reference</a>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48c377ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "backlink-epub-type",
+  "description": "backlink role via epub:type=\"backlink\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "backlink",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "backlink"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..611c6458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "backlink"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Return to reference"
+  },
+  "textref": "#ref1"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0fc32fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a href="#ref1" role="doc-backlink">Return to reference</a>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eeb3841d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/backlink-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "backlink-role-aria",
+  "description": "backlink role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-backlink\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "backlink",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "backlink"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d281f66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "bibliography"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Smith, J. Lighthouses of the Atlantic. 1988."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Doe, A. Coastal Illumination. 1975."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23f492f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="bibliography">
+  <ul>
+    <li>Smith, J. Lighthouses of the Atlantic. 1988.</li>
+    <li>Doe, A. Coastal Illumination. 1975.</li>
+  </ul>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5523b78a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "bibliography-epub-type",
+  "description": "A bibliography list of cited references, via epub:type=\"bibliography\" on a <section>",
+  "role": "bibliography",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "bibliography",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d2ba612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "bibliography"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Smith, J. Lighthouses of the Atlantic. 1988."
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Doe, A. Coastal Illumination. 1975."
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c1c259e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="doc-bibliography">
+  <ul>
+    <li>Smith, J. Lighthouses of the Atlantic. 1988.</li>
+    <li>Doe, A. Coastal Illumination. 1975.</li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16d22a81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/bibliography-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "bibliography-role-aria",
+  "description": "A bibliography list of cited references, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "bibliography",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "bibliography",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15285cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "textref": "#smith1988",
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "See Smith, 1988"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "biblioref"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4490774c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<a href="#smith1988" epub:type="biblioref">See Smith, 1988</a>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4049c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "biblioref-epub-type",
+  "description": "biblioref role via epub:type=\"biblioref\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "biblioref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "biblioref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b84f208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "biblioref"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "See Smith, 1988"
+  },
+  "textref": "#smith1988"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..270fdcf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a href="#smith1988" role="doc-biblioref">See Smith, 1988</a>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc525832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/biblioref-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "biblioref-role-aria",
+  "description": "biblioref role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-biblioref\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "biblioref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "biblioref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..188c1b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "blockquote"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "To be, or not to be, that is the question."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6118c967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<blockquote>To be, or not to be, that is the question.</blockquote>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86532e8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "blockquote-html-native",
+  "description": "blockquote role via native <blockquote> element",
+  "role": "blockquote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "blockquote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d0446de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "To be, or not to be, that is the question."
+  },
+  "role": [
+    "blockquote"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c68239b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="blockquote">To be, or not to be, that is the question.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbacbd6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/blockquote-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "blockquote-role-aria",
+  "description": "blockquote role via explicit ARIA role=\"blockquote\" — the only encoding of this role previously untested; blockquote-html-native covers the native <blockquote> element",
+  "role": "blockquote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "blockquote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b98d203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The full content of the document."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1cc5e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<body>The full content of the document.</body>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68179619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/body-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "body-html-native",
+  "description": "body role via native <body> element",
+  "role": "body",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbab73a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "chapter"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Title of the chapter"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "heading1"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b2e1309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="chapter">
+  <h1>Title of the chapter</h1>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cee5143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "chapter-epub-type",
+  "description": "chapter role via epub:type=\"chapter\", containing a heading",
+  "role": "chapter",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "chapter",
+    "heading1"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#sections-and-headers",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a8a732b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "section",
+    "chapter"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading1"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Title of the chapter"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31bcf7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<section role="doc-chapter">
+  <h1>Title of the chapter</h1>
+</section>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..338bd7a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/chapter-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "chapter-role-aria",
+  "description": "chapter role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-chapter\", containing a heading",
+  "role": "chapter",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "chapter",
+    "heading1"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1b45ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Set in Georgia, 11pt, on recycled paper."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "colophon"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..435bfdd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="colophon">Set in Georgia, 11pt, on recycled paper.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da2f1554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "colophon-epub-type",
+  "description": "colophon role via epub:type=\"colophon\"",
+  "role": "colophon",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "colophon"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..597f8663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "colophon"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Set in Georgia, 11pt, on recycled paper."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23ef3388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-colophon">Set in Georgia, 11pt, on recycled paper.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3cbf264e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/colophon-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "colophon-role-aria",
+  "description": "colophon role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-colophon\"",
+  "role": "colophon",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "colophon"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fc47c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "complementary"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A supporting note related to the main content."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea9e94e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="complementary">A supporting note related to the main content.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eaa602d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/complementary-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "complementary-role-aria",
+  "description": "complementary role via explicit ARIA role=\"complementary\"",
+  "role": "complementary",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "complementary"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca4dc9bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Lighthouses remain a symbol of safe passage."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "conclusion"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62ff9496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="conclusion">Lighthouses remain a symbol of safe passage.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c27fd77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "conclusion-epub-type",
+  "description": "conclusion role via epub:type=\"conclusion\"",
+  "role": "conclusion",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "conclusion"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14b86eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "conclusion"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Lighthouses remain a symbol of safe passage."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35a9c0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-conclusion">Lighthouses remain a symbol of safe passage.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2365659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/conclusion-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "conclusion-role-aria",
+  "description": "conclusion role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-conclusion\"",
+  "role": "conclusion",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "conclusion"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d16ce8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "cover"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "imgref": "cover.jpg",
+          "role": [
+            "image"
+          ],
+          "description": {
+            "text": {
+              "plain": "Lighthouses of the Atlantic, by J. Smith"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8a7027a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="cover">
+  <img src="cover.jpg" alt="Lighthouses of the Atlantic, by J. Smith"/>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08a28a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "cover-epub-type",
+  "description": "cover role via epub:type=\"cover\" on a <section> wrapping the cover image",
+  "role": "cover",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "cover"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e07c6b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "image",
+    "cover"
+  ],
+  "imgref": "cover.jpg",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Lighthouses of the Atlantic, by J. Smith"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6182714d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<img src="cover.jpg" role="doc-cover" alt="Lighthouses of the Atlantic, by J. Smith">
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10d169b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/cover-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "cover-role-aria",
+  "description": "cover role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-cover\" on an <img>",
+  "role": "cover",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "cover"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65aced46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Cover photograph by A. Keeper."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "credit"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..235f3cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p><span epub:type="credit">Cover photograph by A. Keeper.</span></p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91019faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "credit-epub-type",
+  "description": "credit role via epub:type=\"credit\" on a <span>",
+  "role": "credit",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04c97bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Cover photograph by A. Keeper."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccfecfc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-credit">Cover photograph by A. Keeper.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7600066c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credit-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "credit-role-aria",
+  "description": "credit role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-credit\"",
+  "role": "credit",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f06943b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "credits"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Cover photograph by A. Keeper."
+                  },
+                  "role": [
+                    "credit"
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Maps by B. Cartographer."
+                  },
+                  "role": [
+                    "credit"
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07d2b8e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="credits">
+  <ul>
+    <li><span epub:type="credit">Cover photograph by A. Keeper.</span></li>
+    <li><span epub:type="credit">Maps by B. Cartographer.</span></li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0f2a61f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "credits-epub-type",
+  "description": "A collection of credits, via epub:type=\"credits\"; each entry is a <span epub:type=\"credit\">",
+  "role": "credits",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "credits",
+    "list",
+    "listItem",
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91506752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "credits"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem",
+            "credit"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Cover photograph by A. Keeper."
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem",
+            "credit"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Maps by B. Cartographer."
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b73be21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="doc-credits">
+  <ul>
+    <li role="doc-credit">Cover photograph by A. Keeper.</li>
+    <li role="doc-credit">Maps by B. Cartographer.</li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5221aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/credits-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "credits-role-aria",
+  "description": "A collection of credits, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "credits",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "credits",
+    "list",
+    "listItem",
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9652ca60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "For every keeper who lit the lamp at dusk."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "dedication"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..773b600a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="dedication">For every keeper who lit the lamp at dusk.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..859f76bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "dedication-epub-type",
+  "description": "dedication role via epub:type=\"dedication\"",
+  "role": "dedication",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "dedication"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8246f1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "dedication"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "For every keeper who lit the lamp at dusk."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8892f277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-dedication">For every keeper who lit the lamp at dusk.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdd29347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/dedication-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "dedication-role-aria",
+  "description": "dedication role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-dedication\"",
+  "role": "dedication",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "dedication"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57e5550f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "glossary"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "definition"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bed69044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<dl epub:type="glossary">
+  <dd epub:type="glossdef">A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items.</dd>
+</dl>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39c73126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "definition-epub-type",
+  "description": "definition role via epub:type=\"glossdef\" on a <dd>, nested in a <dl epub:type=\"glossary\">",
+  "role": "definition",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "definition",
+    "glossary"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef47aaef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fffc36a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<dl>
+  <dd>A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items.</dd>
+</dl>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50fafa59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "definition-html-native",
+  "description": "definition role via native <dd> element, nested in a <dl> as its content model requires",
+  "role": "definition",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef47aaef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be0c3cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="definition">A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ce08f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/definition-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "definition-role-aria",
+  "description": "definition role via explicit ARIA role=\"definition\"",
+  "role": "definition",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39d54fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "details"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Additional details the reader can expand."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27105bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<details>Additional details the reader can expand.</details>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc7d7c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "details-html-native",
+  "description": "details role via native <details> element",
+  "role": "details",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "details"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..580deb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "details"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "summary"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Click to expand"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Additional details the reader can expand."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e42913b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<details>
+  <summary>Click to expand</summary>
+  Additional details the reader can expand.
+</details>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8276068b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/details-summary-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "details-summary-html-native",
+  "description": "details role via native <details> element, with its <summary> as the visible disclosure label",
+  "role": "details",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "details",
+    "summary"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0d43929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "endnotes"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "id": "note1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "See introduction for background."
+                  },
+                  "role": [
+                    "aside",
+                    "footnote"
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "id": "note2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "See chapter three for details."
+                  },
+                  "role": [
+                    "aside",
+                    "footnote"
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b98dfcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="endnotes">
+  <ol>
+    <li><aside id="note1" epub:type="footnote">See introduction for background.</aside></li>
+    <li><aside id="note2" epub:type="footnote">See chapter three for details.</aside></li>
+  </ol>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78854b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "endnotes-epub-type",
+  "description": "A collection of endnotes, via epub:type=\"endnotes\" on a <section>; each entry is an <aside epub:type=\"footnote\">",
+  "role": "endnotes",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "endnotes",
+    "list",
+    "listItem",
+    "footnote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09be3027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "endnotes"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem",
+            "footnote"
+          ],
+          "id": "note1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "See introduction for background."
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem",
+            "footnote"
+          ],
+          "id": "note2",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "See chapter three for details."
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53e87686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="doc-endnotes">
+  <ol>
+    <li id="note1" role="doc-footnote">See introduction for background.</li>
+    <li id="note2" role="doc-footnote">See chapter three for details.</li>
+  </ol>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84e40aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/endnotes-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "endnotes-role-aria",
+  "description": "A collection of endnotes, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "endnotes",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "endnotes",
+    "list",
+    "listItem",
+    "footnote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78d60fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A lighthouse is a compromise with the sea. — Anonymous"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "epigraph"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f855352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="epigraph">A lighthouse is a compromise with the sea. — Anonymous</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d18872b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "epigraph-epub-type",
+  "description": "epigraph role via epub:type=\"epigraph\"",
+  "role": "epigraph",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "epigraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f606188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "epigraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A lighthouse is a compromise with the sea. — Anonymous"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af043b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-epigraph">A lighthouse is a compromise with the sea. — Anonymous</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43ffda26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epigraph-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "epigraph-role-aria",
+  "description": "epigraph role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-epigraph\"",
+  "role": "epigraph",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "epigraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6345ccc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "epilogue"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e72bb7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="epilogue">The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86d77a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "epilogue-epub-type",
+  "description": "epilogue role via epub:type=\"epilogue\"",
+  "role": "epilogue",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "epilogue"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03d6d4b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "epilogue"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f34558b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-epilogue">The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51ced80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/epilogue-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "epilogue-role-aria",
+  "description": "epilogue role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-epilogue\"",
+  "role": "epilogue",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "epilogue"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73219180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Page 42: 'lightouse' should read 'lighthouse'."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "errata"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b68c130f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="errata">Page 42: 'lightouse' should read 'lighthouse'.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1667e07a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "errata-epub-type",
+  "description": "errata role via epub:type=\"errata\"",
+  "role": "errata",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "errata"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bfc572e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "errata"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Page 42: 'lightouse' should read 'lighthouse'."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d17287d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-errata">Page 42: 'lightouse' should read 'lighthouse'.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4440870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/errata-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "errata-role-aria",
+  "description": "errata role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-errata\"",
+  "role": "errata",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "errata"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e25f468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "article"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "For instance, a Fresnel lens focuses light into a narrow beam."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "paragraph",
+                "example"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f01fd2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="dictionary">
+<article epub:type="dictentry">
+<p epub:type="example">For instance, a Fresnel lens focuses light into a narrow beam.</p>
+</article>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..474acdd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "example-epub-type",
+  "description": "example role via epub:type=\"example\"",
+  "role": "example",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "example"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27971095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "example"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "For instance, a Fresnel lens focuses light into a narrow beam."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f232ebc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-example">For instance, a Fresnel lens focuses light into a narrow beam.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..785fbfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/example-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "example-role-aria",
+  "description": "example role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-example\"",
+  "role": "example",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "example"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7730cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "imgref": "chart.png",
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "A bar chart showing sales growth"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe8b39f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<figure>
+  <img src="chart.png" alt="A bar chart showing sales growth">
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb54766a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-basic-html-native",
+  "description": "A figure containing an image, with no caption, via native <figure>",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7730cc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "imgref": "chart.png",
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "A bar chart showing sales growth"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55146f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<div role="figure">
+  <img src="chart.png" alt="A bar chart showing sales growth">
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6382fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-basic-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-basic-role-aria",
+  "description": "A figure containing an image, with no caption, via explicit role=\"figure\"",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7be8f7dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "textref": "#css(figure)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "ASCII Art of a cat face"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e76d0fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<figure>
+  <pre>
+ /\_/\
+( o.o )
+   ^
+
+  </pre>
+ <figcaption>
+  ASCII Art of a cat face
+ </figcaption>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2a9d6de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-caption-element-html-native",
+  "description": "A native <figure><figcaption> with no explicit aria-labelledby — the figcaption's text folds into the figure's own description (HTML-AAM implicit name), and the figcaption is not spoken as a separate child. Contrast with figure-caption-html-native, which has an explicit aria-labelledby pointing at the same figcaption.",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "caption"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7eb42da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "textref": "#css(div%3Anth-child(1))",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "ASCII Art of a cat face"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d57d5659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<div role="figure">
+  <pre>
+ /\_/\
+( o.o )
+   ^
+
+  </pre>
+ <div role="caption">
+  ASCII Art of a cat face
+ </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3de8c924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-element-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-caption-element-role-aria",
+  "description": "A role=\"figure\" with a role=\"caption\" child and no explicit aria-labelledby — the caption's text folds into the figure's own description, same as the native <figcaption> case, and isn't spoken as a separate child.",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "caption"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7be8f7dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "textref": "#css(figure)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "ASCII Art of a cat face"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4962e426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<figure aria-labelledby="cat-caption">
+  <pre>
+ /\_/\
+( o.o )
+   ^ 
+  
+  </pre>
+ <figcaption id="cat-caption">
+  ASCII Art of a cat face
+ </figcaption>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16b7bf14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-caption-html-native",
+  "description": "A figure with a <pre> body and a <figcaption>, via native <figure>",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "caption"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7eb5a103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "textref": "#css(div)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "ASCII Art of a cat face"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14b18b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<div role="figure" aria-labelledby="cat-caption">
+  <pre>
+ /\_/\
+( o.o )
+   ^ 
+  
+  </pre>
+ <figcaption id="cat-caption">
+  ASCII Art of a cat face
+ </figcaption>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c4f3e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-caption-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-caption-role-aria",
+  "description": "A figure with a <pre> body and a <figcaption>, via explicit role=\"figure\"",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "caption"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f73d106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "imgref": "hawking.jpg",
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "hawking-caption",
+      "role": [
+        "caption"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "credit"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bbdba99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<figure aria-labelledby="hawking-caption">
+  <img src="hawking.jpg" alt="A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel.">
+  <figcaption id="hawking-caption">Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999 <span role="doc-credit">Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0.</span></figcaption>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17bf7ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption",
+  "description": "A figure labelled via aria-labelledby pointing at a figcaption whose credit is nested inside it as a role=\"doc-credit\" span",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image",
+    "credit",
+    "caption"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..834f71e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "imgref": "hawking.jpg",
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "caption"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "credit"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57943147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<figure>
+  <img src="hawking.jpg" alt="A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel.">
+  <figcaption>Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999 <span role="doc-credit">Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0.</span></figcaption>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59650e93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-nested-in-caption/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-credit-nested-in-caption",
+  "description": "A figure with an implicit (figcaption) caption whose credit is nested inside it as a role=\"doc-credit\" span, rather than a sibling",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image",
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf2a5fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "imgref": "hawking.jpg",
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel."
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph",
+        "credit"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3198ae11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<figure>
+  <img src="hawking.jpg" alt="A metal-edged case with a red textured front panel.">
+  <figcaption>Computer and speech synthesiser housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999</figcaption>
+  <p role="doc-credit">Photo: Science Museum London, CC BY-SA 2.0.</p>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a62be41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-credit-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-credit-role-aria",
+  "description": "A figure with an implicit (figcaption) caption and a sibling credit line, via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-credit\" on a <p>",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image",
+    "credit"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9523300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Full audio description: sales grew 12% year over year, driven primarily by the Q4 holiday season."
+    }
+  },
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ],
+      "imgref": "chart.png",
+      "description": {
+        "text": {
+          "plain": "Sales chart"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b4e1ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<figure aria-describedby="chart-desc">
+  <img src="chart.png" alt="Sales chart">
+  <p id="chart-desc" hidden>Full audio description: sales grew 12% year over year, driven primarily by the Q4 holiday season.</p>
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2be600b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-describedby/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-describedby",
+  "description": "A figure whose extended description comes from aria-describedby rather than a visible caption — an extension beyond the read-aloud examples doc, which only documents figcaption/aria-labelledby",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9f3648a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "figure"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "imgref": "chart.png",
+          "role": [
+            "image"
+          ],
+          "description": {
+            "text": {
+              "plain": "A bar chart showing sales growth"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84826f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="figure">
+  <img src="chart.png" alt="A bar chart showing sales growth"/>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9691c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-epub-type",
+  "description": "figure role via epub:type=\"figure\" on a neutral <div> (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <figure> tag mapping), containing an image — the only encoding of this role previously untested",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90e341ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "figure"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "imgref": "unlabeled-chart.png",
+      "role": [
+        "image"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f4f016a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<figure>
+  <img src="unlabeled-chart.png">
+</figure>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3480272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/figure-no-description/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "figure-no-description",
+  "description": "A figure with no accessible name of its own, containing an image that also has no accessible name of its own — the figure's own announcement has nothing to say (no caption/label anywhere), unlike figure-basic-* where the child image still carries a label",
+  "role": "figure",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "figure",
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35ed0d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "en",
+        "plain": "This text has a footnote.",
+        "ssml": "This text has a footnote <readium:noteref id=\"note1\" />."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "id": "note1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "[1]"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "noteref"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the footnote."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "aside",
+                "footnote"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..545a0128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>This text has a footnote <a href="#note1" epub:type="noteref">[1]</a>.</p>
+<aside id="note1" epub:type="footnote">Text of the footnote.</aside>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37316336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "footnote-epub-type",
+  "description": "A paragraph with one footnote reference and its footnote content, via epub:type",
+  "role": "footnote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "footnote",
+    "noteref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..deea2d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "This text has a footnote.",
+        "ssml": "This text has a footnote <readium:noteref id=\"noteref1\" />.",
+        "language": "en"
+      },
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "noteref"
+          ],
+          "id": "noteref1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "[1]"
+          },
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "aside",
+                "footnote"
+              ],
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the footnote.",
+                "ssml": "<readium:backlink id=\"backlink1\" /> Text of the footnote.",
+                "language": "en"
+              },
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "id": "backlink1",
+                  "role": [
+                    "backlink"
+                  ],
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "1."
+                  },
+                  "textref": "#noteref1"
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d4e7ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<p>This text has a footnote <a href="#note1" id="noteref1" role="doc-noteref">[1]</a>.</p>
+<aside id="note1" role="doc-footnote">
+  <a role="doc-backlink" href="#noteref1">1.</a>
+  Text of the footnote.
+</aside>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8474744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/footnote-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "footnote-role-aria",
+  "description": "A paragraph with one footnote reference and its footnote content, including the backlink back to the reference, via explicit ARIA roles",
+  "role": "footnote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "footnote",
+    "noteref",
+    "backlink"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3befd338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A respected maritime historian introduces this account of the coastline's lighthouses."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "foreword"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6d16a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="foreword">A respected maritime historian introduces this account of the coastline's lighthouses.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d37cbc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "foreword-epub-type",
+  "description": "foreword role via epub:type=\"foreword\"",
+  "role": "foreword",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "foreword"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-ssv-11/#sec-sections",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e134258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "foreword"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A respected maritime historian introduces this account of the coastline's lighthouses."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1880030d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-foreword">A respected maritime historian introduces this account of the coastline's lighthouses.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5340be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/foreword-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "foreword-role-aria",
+  "description": "foreword role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-foreword\"",
+  "role": "foreword",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "foreword"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.0/#doc-foreword",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..375e13a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "glossary"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Fresnel lens"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "term"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "A compact lens for focusing light."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "definition"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Keeper"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "term"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "A person responsible for maintaining a lighthouse."
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "definition"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05663683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<dl epub:type="glossary">
+  <dt epub:type="glossterm">Fresnel lens</dt>
+  <dd epub:type="glossdef">A compact lens for focusing light.</dd>
+  <dt epub:type="glossterm">Keeper</dt>
+  <dd epub:type="glossdef">A person responsible for maintaining a lighthouse.</dd>
+</dl>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..306d670b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "glossary-epub-type",
+  "description": "A glossary of term/definition entries via epub:type=\"glossary\" on a <dl>, with term/definition as its directly owned elements",
+  "role": "glossary",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "glossary",
+    "term",
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6898a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "glossary"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "id": "fresnel-lens",
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Fresnel lens"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "term"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A compact lens for focusing light."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "definition"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "keeper",
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Keeper"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "term"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A person responsible for maintaining a lighthouse."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "definition"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fec5d8ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<dl role="doc-glossary">
+  <dt id="fresnel-lens"><dfn>Fresnel lens</dfn></dt>
+  <dd>A compact lens for focusing light.</dd>
+  <dt id="keeper"><dfn>Keeper</dfn></dt>
+  <dd>A person responsible for maintaining a lighthouse.</dd>
+</dl>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..613907c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossary-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "glossary-role-aria",
+  "description": "A glossary of term/definition entries via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossary\" on a <dl>, with each term wrapped in <dfn id=\"...\"> so a doc-glossref can target it, matching the spec's own worked example",
+  "role": "glossary",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "glossary",
+    "term",
+    "definition"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e21a11c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "textref": "#fresnel-lens",
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "See glossary: Fresnel lens"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "glossref"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3509f1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<a href="#fresnel-lens" epub:type="glossref">See glossary: Fresnel lens</a>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8b8bf20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "glossref-epub-type",
+  "description": "glossref role via epub:type=\"glossref\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "glossref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "glossref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e023a0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "text": {
+    "language": "en",
+    "plain": "A text-to-speech system is composed of two parts: a and a.",
+    "ssml": "A text-to-speech system is composed of two parts: a <readium:glossref id=\"glossref1\" /> and a <readium:glossref id=\"glossref2\" />."
+  },
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "id": "glossref1",
+      "textref": "#gloss-front-end",
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "front-end"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "glossref"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "glossref2",
+      "textref": "#gloss-back-end",
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "back-end"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "glossref"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c3d115c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<p>A text-to-speech system is composed of two parts: a
+  <a href="#gloss-front-end" role="doc-glossref">front-end</a> and a
+  <a href="#gloss-back-end" role="doc-glossref">back-end</a>.
+</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa34599e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence",
+  "description": "Two glossref links mid-sentence (not the sole content of their block), via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossref\" on <a href>",
+  "role": "glossref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "glossref",
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..374a78e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "glossref"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "See glossary: Fresnel lens"
+  },
+  "textref": "#fresnel-lens"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf0d770e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a href="#fresnel-lens" role="doc-glossref">See glossary: Fresnel lens</a>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03addde2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/glossref-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "glossref-role-aria",
+  "description": "glossref role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossref\" on an <a href>",
+  "role": "glossref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "glossref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e80e2706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "header"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Chapter One"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fbb8365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<header>Chapter One</header>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..328ceacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/header-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "header-html-native",
+  "description": "header role via native <header> element",
+  "role": "header",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "header"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9742c614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading1"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Chapter One"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading2"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section A"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading3"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Subsection i"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading4"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Detail heading"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading5"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Note heading"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading6"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Aside heading"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b22bdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<h1>Chapter One</h1>
+<h2>Section A</h2>
+<h3>Subsection i</h3>
+<h4>Detail heading</h4>
+<h5>Note heading</h5>
+<h6>Aside heading</h6>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcf85d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "id": "heading-html-native",
+  "description": "heading1 through heading6 via native <h1>-<h6> elements (bundled: same pathway, repeated depth)",
+  "role": "heading",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "heading1",
+    "heading2",
+    "heading3",
+    "heading4",
+    "heading5",
+    "heading6"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9742c614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading1"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Chapter One"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading2"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section A"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading3"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Subsection i"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading4"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Detail heading"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading5"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Note heading"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading6"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Aside heading"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd566d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="heading" aria-level="1">Chapter One</div>
+<div role="heading" aria-level="2">Section A</div>
+<div role="heading" aria-level="3">Subsection i</div>
+<div role="heading" aria-level="4">Detail heading</div>
+<div role="heading" aria-level="5">Note heading</div>
+<div role="heading" aria-level="6">Aside heading</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b78db96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "id": "heading-role-aria",
+  "description": "heading1 through heading6 via role=\"heading\" + aria-level (bundled: same pathway, repeated depth)",
+  "role": "heading",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "heading1",
+    "heading2",
+    "heading3",
+    "heading4",
+    "heading5",
+    "heading6"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0739b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Not really a heading"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a032bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before.</p>
+<h2 role="presentation">Not really a heading</h2>
+<p>After.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97573244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/heading-role-presentation/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "heading-role-presentation",
+  "description": "An <h2> with role=\"presentation\", stripping its native heading semantics — the resulting node carries only the presentation role, no heading2, so no \"Heading level 2.\" announcement or heading block-boundary fires, though its text still reads normally",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Reference/Roles/presentation_role",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12e96e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the hidden content."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After the hidden content."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e09069c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before the hidden content.</p>
+<div aria-hidden="true">Decorative content with no semantic meaning.</div>
+<p>After the hidden content.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5a52c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-aria-hidden-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "hidden-aria-hidden-html-native",
+  "description": "An element marked aria-hidden=\"true\" is excluded from the GND tree entirely, producing no node and no utterance",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/accname/#terminology",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12e96e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the hidden content."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After the hidden content."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9117b4e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before the hidden content.</p>
+<div hidden>Decorative content with no semantic meaning.</div>
+<p>After the hidden content.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f588fc60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/hidden-attribute-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "hidden-attribute-html-native",
+  "description": "An element marked with the native hidden attribute is excluded from the GND tree entirely, producing no node and no utterance",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/accname/#terminology",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..062723be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "imgref": "image1.avif",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Alternative text using the alt attribute"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18588c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<img src="image1.avif" alt="Alternative text using the alt attribute">
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d6bb162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-alt-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-alt-html-native",
+  "description": "An image with alt text via native <img alt>",
+  "role": "image",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f0dbca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the divider."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After the divider."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..687c4bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before the divider.</p>
+<img src="divider.png" alt="">
+<p>After the divider.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5beab35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-empty-alt/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-decorative-empty-alt",
+  "description": "A decorative image with empty alt, mapping to the presentation role and producing no utterance",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f0dbca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the divider."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After the divider."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c5da4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before the divider.</p>
+<img src="divider.png" role="presentation">
+<p>After the divider.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e2d8afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-role-presentation/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-decorative-role-presentation",
+  "description": "A decorative image marked with an explicit role=\"presentation\", producing no utterance",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..368ad6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the divider."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After the divider."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f6e6d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before the divider.</p>
+<img src="divider.png" alt="   ">
+<p>After the divider.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db574438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-decorative-whitespace-alt/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-decorative-whitespace-alt",
+  "description": "A decorative image with a whitespace-only alt (not literally empty), still mapping to the presentation role and producing no utterance — exercises the trim() in the decorative-image check rather than a literal empty-string comparison",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33718426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "imgref": "unlabeled.jpg",
+  "role": [
+    "image"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d3a1a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<img src="unlabeled.jpg">
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a635ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-no-description/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-no-description",
+  "description": "An <img> with no alt attribute at all and no other accessible-name source — distinct from a decorative image (empty alt or role=\"presentation\"), which maps to the presentation role instead",
+  "role": "image",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..133aefda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "textref": "#css(body%20%3E%20span)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Rating: 4 out of 5 stars"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be3a9691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<span role="img" aria-label="Rating: 4 out of 5 stars">
+  <span>★</span>
+  <span>★</span>
+  <span>★</span>
+  <span>★</span>
+  <span>☆</span>
+</span>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7d4f534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/image-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "image-role-aria",
+  "description": "A non-<img> element acting as an image via role=\"img\" and aria-label",
+  "role": "image",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "image"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#images",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..254f6303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "index"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml#fresnel",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Fresnel lens"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter3.xhtml#keepers",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Keepers"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d62891b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="index">
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml#fresnel">Fresnel lens</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter3.xhtml#keepers">Keepers</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d276ab92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "index-epub-type",
+  "description": "An index navigation list, containing links to key subjects and names, via epub:type",
+  "role": "index",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "index",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19d7866b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "index"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "chapter1.xhtml#fresnel",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Fresnel lens"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "chapter3.xhtml#keepers",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Keepers"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08cf6b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="doc-index">
+  <ul>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml#fresnel">Fresnel lens</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter3.xhtml#keepers">Keepers</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d49983e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/index-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "index-role-aria",
+  "description": "An index navigation list, containing links to key subjects and names, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "index",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "index",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f4e648e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "This work explores the history of coastal lighthouses."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "introduction"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51000ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="introduction">This work explores the history of coastal lighthouses.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e34669c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "introduction-epub-type",
+  "description": "introduction role via epub:type=\"introduction\"",
+  "role": "introduction",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "introduction"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b63a4b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "introduction"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "This work explores the history of coastal lighthouses."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b5c3da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-introduction">This work explores the history of coastal lighthouses.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6e1b3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/introduction-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "introduction-role-aria",
+  "description": "introduction role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-introduction\"",
+  "role": "introduction",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "introduction"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15980f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "landmarks"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "cover.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Cover"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "toc.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Table of Contents"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Start of Content"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e0a6cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="landmarks">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="cover.xhtml">Cover</a></li>
+    <li><a href="toc.xhtml">Table of Contents</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml">Start of Content</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e26e2670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/landmarks-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "landmarks-epub-type",
+  "description": "A landmarks navigation list, containing links to the cover, table of contents, and start of content",
+  "role": "landmarks",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "landmarks",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..878352a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "en",
+        "plain": "Hello."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "fr",
+        "plain": "Bonjour."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f5a8844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>Hello.</p>
+<p lang="fr">Bonjour.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d133b630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-block/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-block",
+  "description": "Sibling paragraphs each declaring their own language, overriding the document's default",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..add82dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "fr",
+        "plain": "Bonjour, comment allez-vous ?"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1da7b426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="fr">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>Bonjour, comment allez-vous ?</p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44639b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-document/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-document",
+  "description": "A paragraph in a document whose <html lang> differs from the default, with no inline language shift or other SSML trigger",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bcf0092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "Hello <lang xml:lang=\"fr\">bonjour</lang>.",
+    "language": "en"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e728a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<p>Hello <span lang="fr">bonjour</span>.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7eb05f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-lang-attribute/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-inline-lang-attribute",
+  "description": "An inline foreign-language phrase using the HTML lang attribute (not xml:lang) on a plain, non-semantic span",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..819107a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "Start <lang xml:lang=\"fr\">middle </lang><lang xml:lang=\"es\">nested</lang><lang xml:lang=\"fr\"> end</lang> after.",
+    "language": "en"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5e691f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<p>Start <span xml:lang="fr">middle <span xml:lang="es">nested</span> end</span> after.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03adbae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-nested/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-inline-nested",
+  "description": "A paragraph with a language switch nested inside another language switch",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9df021a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "One <lang xml:lang=\"fr\">deux</lang> three <lang xml:lang=\"fr\">quatre</lang> five.",
+    "language": "en"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13634ad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<p>One <span xml:lang="fr">deux</span> three <span xml:lang="fr">quatre</span> five.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a82255dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-repeated/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-inline-repeated",
+  "description": "A paragraph where the same foreign language appears twice, separated by base-language text",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fdc27e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "Hello <lang xml:lang=\"fr\">bonjour</lang> and <lang xml:lang=\"es\">hola</lang> there.",
+    "language": "en"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a957261a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<p>Hello <em xml:lang="fr">bonjour</em> and <em xml:lang="es">hola</em> there.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9b8fffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/language-inline-two-languages/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "language-inline-two-languages",
+  "description": "A paragraph with two different inline foreign-language phrases",
+  "role": "language",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#multilingual-text",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74d42b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Fifth of seven"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59e4dd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<div role="list">
+  <div role="listitem" aria-posinset="5" aria-setsize="7">Fifth of seven</div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..426ac9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-aria-posinset-setsize/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-aria-posinset-setsize",
+  "description": "An ARIA listitem with explicit aria-posinset/aria-setsize (for lists that don't expose their full membership in the DOM, e.g. paginated or virtualized ones) — neither attribute is read anywhere in the converter. Per ARIA semantics these should take precedence over any DOM-computed position/count when present, which a future position-numbering implementation needs to account for, not just count DOM siblings",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Reference/Attributes/aria-posinset",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3df60f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "First item"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Second item"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d03c5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="list">
+  <div epub:type="list-item">First item</div>
+  <div epub:type="list-item">Second item</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e09358ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-epub-type",
+  "description": "list role via epub:type=\"list\" on neutral <div> elements (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <ul>/<ol> tag mapping), with epub:type=\"list-item\" children — the only encoding of this role previously untested; every other list fixture (including pagelist-epub-type, which nests a plain native <ol>) exercises the list role via the native tag, never epub:type",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdc60667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "First item"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Second item"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Third item"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..424111cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ul>
+  <li>First item</li>
+  <li>Second item</li>
+  <li>Third item</li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7f16e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-html-native",
+  "description": "An unordered list via native <ul>/<li> elements",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#lists",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4eef6c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "One"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Ninety-nine"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Three"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0e6876f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ol>
+  <li>One</li>
+  <li aria-posinset="99" aria-setsize="99">Ninety-nine</li>
+  <li>Three</li>
+</ol>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e3e36b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-posinset-override/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-item-posinset-override",
+  "description": "A native <ol>/<li> where the second <li> carries aria-posinset — it overrides only that item's own baked ordinal; the native counting chain for its siblings continues unaffected (per WAI-ARIA's aria-posinset semantics, meant for lists that don't expose their full membership in the DOM), so the third item stays 3, not 100",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#aria-posinset",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1caee1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "One"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Ten"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Eleven"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7315869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ol>
+  <li>One</li>
+  <li value="10">Ten</li>
+  <li>Eleven</li>
+</ol>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a684172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-item-value-override/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-item-value-override",
+  "description": "An <ol> whose second <li value=\"10\"> resets the running count, so the baked ordinal for the third item is 11, not 3 — HTML's <li value> semantics persist to every following sibling until overridden again",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/li#value",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc63d752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "First item"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Second item"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Third item"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53a7dd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ol>
+  <li>First item</li>
+  <li>Second item</li>
+  <li>Third item</li>
+</ol>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9663c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-ordered-html-native",
+  "description": "A plain native <ol> with no start/reversed — produces the exact same GND shape as list-html-native's <ul> (both map to a bare \"list\" role via simpleElementTypeRoles, with no ordered/unordered distinction preserved anywhere in the schema). This is the baseline that any future listItem position-numbering feature has to solve first: whether to speak a number at all depends on knowing the list was ordered, which the GND format currently cannot express",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68ccf644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Third"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Second"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "First"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69cb05ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ol reversed>
+  <li>Third</li>
+  <li>Second</li>
+  <li>First</li>
+</ol>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46fb66c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-reversed/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-ordered-reversed",
+  "description": "An <ol reversed> — the baked ordinal counts down from the list's length instead of counting up from 1",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/ol#reversed",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e8d6099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Fifth"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Sixth"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Seventh"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c4ec3b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<ol start="5">
+  <li>Fifth</li>
+  <li>Sixth</li>
+  <li>Seventh</li>
+</ol>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37e2b535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-ordered-start/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-ordered-start",
+  "description": "An <ol start=\"5\"> — the start attribute shifts the baked ordinal for every item, not just the first",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/ol#start",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdc60667
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "First item"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Second item"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Third item"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b15ca42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<div role="list">
+  <div role="listitem">First item</div>
+  <div role="listitem">Second item</div>
+  <div role="listitem">Third item</div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..380e47b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/list-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "list-role-aria",
+  "description": "An unordered list via explicit role=\"list\"/\"listitem\"",
+  "role": "list",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf8bb35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "list"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Normal item"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "listItem"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Stripped item"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0830a49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<ul>
+  <li>Normal item</li>
+  <li role="presentation">Stripped item</li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35afa079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/listitem-role-presentation/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "listitem-role-presentation",
+  "description": "A <li> with role=\"presentation\", stripping its native listItem semantics while its sibling item keeps normal listItem behavior",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Reference/Roles/presentation_role",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6486d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "loa"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml#audio1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Audio 1. Foghorn recording"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter2.xhtml#audio2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Audio 2. Keeper's log reading"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f9061dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="loa">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml#audio1">Audio 1. Foghorn recording</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter2.xhtml#audio2">Audio 2. Keeper's log reading</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14dcca9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loa-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "loa-epub-type",
+  "description": "A list-of-audio-clips navigation list, containing links to audio clips in the work",
+  "role": "loa",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "loa",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0d22390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "loi"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml#fig1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Figure 1. Lighthouse cross-section"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter2.xhtml#fig2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Figure 2. Fresnel lens diagram"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..757071e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="loi">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml#fig1">Figure 1. Lighthouse cross-section</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter2.xhtml#fig2">Figure 2. Fresnel lens diagram</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..886650b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/loi-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "loi-epub-type",
+  "description": "A list-of-illustrations navigation list, containing links to illustrations in the work",
+  "role": "loi",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "loi",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a2cb140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "lot"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "appendix.xhtml#table1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Table 1. Lighthouse construction dates"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "appendix.xhtml#table2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Table 2. Keeper staffing by decade"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c0a38c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="lot">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="appendix.xhtml#table1">Table 1. Lighthouse construction dates</a></li>
+    <li><a href="appendix.xhtml#table2">Table 2. Keeper staffing by decade</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4e54683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lot-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "lot-epub-type",
+  "description": "A list-of-tables navigation list, containing links to tables in the work",
+  "role": "lot",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "lot",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97879ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "lov"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml#video1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Video 1. Lamp mechanism in motion"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter3.xhtml#video2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Video 2. Automation retrofit"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14b4c614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="lov">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml#video1">Video 1. Lamp mechanism in motion</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter3.xhtml#video2">Video 2. Automation retrofit</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8adb9ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/lov-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "lov-epub-type",
+  "description": "A list-of-video-clips navigation list, containing links to video clips in the work",
+  "role": "lov",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "lov",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c59b878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "main"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The central topic of this document."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4345be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<main>The central topic of this document.</main>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b4dbf4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "main-html-native",
+  "description": "main role via native <main> element",
+  "role": "main",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "main"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c59b878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "main"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The central topic of this document."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0725a03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="main">The central topic of this document.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e67369be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/main-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "main-role-aria",
+  "description": "main role via explicit ARIA role=\"main\"",
+  "role": "main",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "main"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/manifest.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7bbe9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1782 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": "abstract-epub-type",
+    "dir": "abstract-epub-type",
+    "role": "abstract",
+    "description": "abstract role via epub:type=\"abstract\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "abstract-role-aria",
+    "dir": "abstract-role-aria",
+    "role": "abstract",
+    "description": "abstract role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-abstract\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "acknowledgments-epub-type",
+    "dir": "acknowledgments-epub-type",
+    "role": "acknowledgments",
+    "description": "acknowledgments role via epub:type=\"acknowledgments\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "acknowledgments-role-aria",
+    "dir": "acknowledgments-role-aria",
+    "role": "acknowledgments",
+    "description": "acknowledgments role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-acknowledgments\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "afterword-epub-type",
+    "dir": "afterword-epub-type",
+    "role": "afterword",
+    "description": "afterword role via epub:type=\"afterword\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "afterword-role-aria",
+    "dir": "afterword-role-aria",
+    "role": "afterword",
+    "description": "afterword role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-afterword\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "appendix-epub-type",
+    "dir": "appendix-epub-type",
+    "role": "appendix",
+    "description": "appendix role via epub:type=\"appendix\" on a <section>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "appendix-role-aria",
+    "dir": "appendix-role-aria",
+    "role": "appendix",
+    "description": "appendix role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-appendix\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "article-html-native",
+    "dir": "article-html-native",
+    "role": "article",
+    "description": "article role via native <article> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "article-role-aria",
+    "dir": "article-role-aria",
+    "role": "article",
+    "description": "article role via explicit ARIA role=\"article\" — the only encoding of this role previously untested; article-html-native covers the native <article> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "aside-epub-type",
+    "dir": "aside-epub-type",
+    "role": "aside",
+    "description": "aside role via epub:type=\"aside\" on a neutral <div> (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <aside> tag mapping) — the only encoding of this role previously untested; aside-html-native covers the native element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "aside-html-native",
+    "dir": "aside-html-native",
+    "role": "aside",
+    "description": "aside role via native <aside> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "audio-html-native",
+    "dir": "audio-html-native",
+    "role": "audio",
+    "description": "audio role via native <audio src> element, with an aria-label as the accessible description",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "audio-no-description",
+    "dir": "audio-no-description",
+    "role": "audio",
+    "description": "audio role via native <audio src> element, with no accessible name at all",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "backlink-epub-type",
+    "dir": "backlink-epub-type",
+    "role": "backlink",
+    "description": "backlink role via epub:type=\"backlink\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "backlink-role-aria",
+    "dir": "backlink-role-aria",
+    "role": "backlink",
+    "description": "backlink role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-backlink\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "bibliography-epub-type",
+    "dir": "bibliography-epub-type",
+    "role": "bibliography",
+    "description": "A bibliography list of cited references, via epub:type=\"bibliography\" on a <section>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "bibliography-role-aria",
+    "dir": "bibliography-role-aria",
+    "role": "bibliography",
+    "description": "A bibliography list of cited references, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "biblioref-epub-type",
+    "dir": "biblioref-epub-type",
+    "role": "biblioref",
+    "description": "biblioref role via epub:type=\"biblioref\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "biblioref-role-aria",
+    "dir": "biblioref-role-aria",
+    "role": "biblioref",
+    "description": "biblioref role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-biblioref\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "blockquote-html-native",
+    "dir": "blockquote-html-native",
+    "role": "blockquote",
+    "description": "blockquote role via native <blockquote> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "blockquote-role-aria",
+    "dir": "blockquote-role-aria",
+    "role": "blockquote",
+    "description": "blockquote role via explicit ARIA role=\"blockquote\" — the only encoding of this role previously untested; blockquote-html-native covers the native <blockquote> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "body-html-native",
+    "dir": "body-html-native",
+    "role": "body",
+    "description": "body role via native <body> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "chapter-epub-type",
+    "dir": "chapter-epub-type",
+    "role": "chapter",
+    "description": "chapter role via epub:type=\"chapter\", containing a heading",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "chapter-role-aria",
+    "dir": "chapter-role-aria",
+    "role": "chapter",
+    "description": "chapter role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-chapter\", containing a heading",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "colophon-epub-type",
+    "dir": "colophon-epub-type",
+    "role": "colophon",
+    "description": "colophon role via epub:type=\"colophon\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "colophon-role-aria",
+    "dir": "colophon-role-aria",
+    "role": "colophon",
+    "description": "colophon role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-colophon\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "complementary-role-aria",
+    "dir": "complementary-role-aria",
+    "role": "complementary",
+    "description": "complementary role via explicit ARIA role=\"complementary\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "conclusion-epub-type",
+    "dir": "conclusion-epub-type",
+    "role": "conclusion",
+    "description": "conclusion role via epub:type=\"conclusion\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "conclusion-role-aria",
+    "dir": "conclusion-role-aria",
+    "role": "conclusion",
+    "description": "conclusion role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-conclusion\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "cover-epub-type",
+    "dir": "cover-epub-type",
+    "role": "cover",
+    "description": "cover role via epub:type=\"cover\" on a <section> wrapping the cover image",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "cover-role-aria",
+    "dir": "cover-role-aria",
+    "role": "cover",
+    "description": "cover role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-cover\" on an <img>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "credit-epub-type",
+    "dir": "credit-epub-type",
+    "role": "credit",
+    "description": "credit role via epub:type=\"credit\" on a <span>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "credit-role-aria",
+    "dir": "credit-role-aria",
+    "role": "credit",
+    "description": "credit role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-credit\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "credits-epub-type",
+    "dir": "credits-epub-type",
+    "role": "credits",
+    "description": "A collection of credits, via epub:type=\"credits\"; each entry is a <span epub:type=\"credit\">",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "credits-role-aria",
+    "dir": "credits-role-aria",
+    "role": "credits",
+    "description": "A collection of credits, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "dedication-epub-type",
+    "dir": "dedication-epub-type",
+    "role": "dedication",
+    "description": "dedication role via epub:type=\"dedication\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "dedication-role-aria",
+    "dir": "dedication-role-aria",
+    "role": "dedication",
+    "description": "dedication role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-dedication\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "definition-epub-type",
+    "dir": "definition-epub-type",
+    "role": "definition",
+    "description": "definition role via epub:type=\"glossdef\" on a <dd>, nested in a <dl epub:type=\"glossary\">",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "definition-html-native",
+    "dir": "definition-html-native",
+    "role": "definition",
+    "description": "definition role via native <dd> element, nested in a <dl> as its content model requires",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "definition-role-aria",
+    "dir": "definition-role-aria",
+    "role": "definition",
+    "description": "definition role via explicit ARIA role=\"definition\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "details-html-native",
+    "dir": "details-html-native",
+    "role": "details",
+    "description": "details role via native <details> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "details-summary-html-native",
+    "dir": "details-summary-html-native",
+    "role": "details",
+    "description": "details role via native <details> element, with its <summary> as the visible disclosure label",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "endnotes-epub-type",
+    "dir": "endnotes-epub-type",
+    "role": "endnotes",
+    "description": "A collection of endnotes, via epub:type=\"endnotes\" on a <section>; each entry is an <aside epub:type=\"footnote\">",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "endnotes-role-aria",
+    "dir": "endnotes-role-aria",
+    "role": "endnotes",
+    "description": "A collection of endnotes, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "epigraph-epub-type",
+    "dir": "epigraph-epub-type",
+    "role": "epigraph",
+    "description": "epigraph role via epub:type=\"epigraph\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "epigraph-role-aria",
+    "dir": "epigraph-role-aria",
+    "role": "epigraph",
+    "description": "epigraph role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-epigraph\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "epilogue-epub-type",
+    "dir": "epilogue-epub-type",
+    "role": "epilogue",
+    "description": "epilogue role via epub:type=\"epilogue\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "epilogue-role-aria",
+    "dir": "epilogue-role-aria",
+    "role": "epilogue",
+    "description": "epilogue role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-epilogue\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "errata-epub-type",
+    "dir": "errata-epub-type",
+    "role": "errata",
+    "description": "errata role via epub:type=\"errata\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "errata-role-aria",
+    "dir": "errata-role-aria",
+    "role": "errata",
+    "description": "errata role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-errata\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "example-epub-type",
+    "dir": "example-epub-type",
+    "role": "example",
+    "description": "example role via epub:type=\"example\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "example-role-aria",
+    "dir": "example-role-aria",
+    "role": "example",
+    "description": "example role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-example\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-basic-html-native",
+    "dir": "figure-basic-html-native",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure containing an image, with no caption, via native <figure>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-basic-role-aria",
+    "dir": "figure-basic-role-aria",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure containing an image, with no caption, via explicit role=\"figure\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-caption-element-html-native",
+    "dir": "figure-caption-element-html-native",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A native <figure><figcaption> with no explicit aria-labelledby — the figcaption's text folds into the figure's own description (HTML-AAM implicit name), and the figcaption is not spoken as a separate child. Contrast with figure-caption-html-native, which has an explicit aria-labelledby pointing at the same figcaption.",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-caption-element-role-aria",
+    "dir": "figure-caption-element-role-aria",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A role=\"figure\" with a role=\"caption\" child and no explicit aria-labelledby — the caption's text folds into the figure's own description, same as the native <figcaption> case, and isn't spoken as a separate child.",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-caption-html-native",
+    "dir": "figure-caption-html-native",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure with a <pre> body and a <figcaption>, via native <figure>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-caption-role-aria",
+    "dir": "figure-caption-role-aria",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure with a <pre> body and a <figcaption>, via explicit role=\"figure\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption",
+    "dir": "figure-credit-nested-in-aria-labelledby-caption",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure labelled via aria-labelledby pointing at a figcaption whose credit is nested inside it as a role=\"doc-credit\" span",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-credit-nested-in-caption",
+    "dir": "figure-credit-nested-in-caption",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure with an implicit (figcaption) caption whose credit is nested inside it as a role=\"doc-credit\" span, rather than a sibling",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-credit-role-aria",
+    "dir": "figure-credit-role-aria",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure with an implicit (figcaption) caption and a sibling credit line, via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-credit\" on a <p>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-describedby",
+    "dir": "figure-describedby",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure whose extended description comes from aria-describedby rather than a visible caption — an extension beyond the read-aloud examples doc, which only documents figcaption/aria-labelledby",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-epub-type",
+    "dir": "figure-epub-type",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "figure role via epub:type=\"figure\" on a neutral <div> (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <figure> tag mapping), containing an image — the only encoding of this role previously untested",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "figure-no-description",
+    "dir": "figure-no-description",
+    "role": "figure",
+    "description": "A figure with no accessible name of its own, containing an image that also has no accessible name of its own — the figure's own announcement has nothing to say (no caption/label anywhere), unlike figure-basic-* where the child image still carries a label",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "footnote-epub-type",
+    "dir": "footnote-epub-type",
+    "role": "footnote",
+    "description": "A paragraph with one footnote reference and its footnote content, via epub:type",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "footnote-role-aria",
+    "dir": "footnote-role-aria",
+    "role": "footnote",
+    "description": "A paragraph with one footnote reference and its footnote content, including the backlink back to the reference, via explicit ARIA roles",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "foreword-epub-type",
+    "dir": "foreword-epub-type",
+    "role": "foreword",
+    "description": "foreword role via epub:type=\"foreword\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "foreword-role-aria",
+    "dir": "foreword-role-aria",
+    "role": "foreword",
+    "description": "foreword role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-foreword\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "glossary-epub-type",
+    "dir": "glossary-epub-type",
+    "role": "glossary",
+    "description": "A glossary of term/definition entries via epub:type=\"glossary\" on a <dl>, with term/definition as its directly owned elements",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "glossary-role-aria",
+    "dir": "glossary-role-aria",
+    "role": "glossary",
+    "description": "A glossary of term/definition entries via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossary\" on a <dl>, with each term wrapped in <dfn id=\"...\"> so a doc-glossref can target it, matching the spec's own worked example",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "glossref-epub-type",
+    "dir": "glossref-epub-type",
+    "role": "glossref",
+    "description": "glossref role via epub:type=\"glossref\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "glossref-role-aria",
+    "dir": "glossref-role-aria",
+    "role": "glossref",
+    "description": "glossref role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossref\" on an <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence",
+    "dir": "glossref-role-aria-mid-sentence",
+    "role": "glossref",
+    "description": "Two glossref links mid-sentence (not the sole content of their block), via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-glossref\" on <a href>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "header-html-native",
+    "dir": "header-html-native",
+    "role": "header",
+    "description": "header role via native <header> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "heading-html-native",
+    "dir": "heading-html-native",
+    "role": "heading",
+    "description": "heading1 through heading6 via native <h1>-<h6> elements (bundled: same pathway, repeated depth)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "heading-role-aria",
+    "dir": "heading-role-aria",
+    "role": "heading",
+    "description": "heading1 through heading6 via role=\"heading\" + aria-level (bundled: same pathway, repeated depth)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "heading-role-presentation",
+    "dir": "heading-role-presentation",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "An <h2> with role=\"presentation\", stripping its native heading semantics — the resulting node carries only the presentation role, no heading2, so no \"Heading level 2.\" announcement or heading block-boundary fires, though its text still reads normally",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "hidden-aria-hidden-html-native",
+    "dir": "hidden-aria-hidden-html-native",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "An element marked aria-hidden=\"true\" is excluded from the GND tree entirely, producing no node and no utterance",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "hidden-attribute-html-native",
+    "dir": "hidden-attribute-html-native",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "An element marked with the native hidden attribute is excluded from the GND tree entirely, producing no node and no utterance",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-alt-html-native",
+    "dir": "image-alt-html-native",
+    "role": "image",
+    "description": "An image with alt text via native <img alt>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-decorative-empty-alt",
+    "dir": "image-decorative-empty-alt",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A decorative image with empty alt, mapping to the presentation role and producing no utterance",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-decorative-role-presentation",
+    "dir": "image-decorative-role-presentation",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A decorative image marked with an explicit role=\"presentation\", producing no utterance",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-decorative-whitespace-alt",
+    "dir": "image-decorative-whitespace-alt",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A decorative image with a whitespace-only alt (not literally empty), still mapping to the presentation role and producing no utterance — exercises the trim() in the decorative-image check rather than a literal empty-string comparison",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-no-description",
+    "dir": "image-no-description",
+    "role": "image",
+    "description": "An <img> with no alt attribute at all and no other accessible-name source — distinct from a decorative image (empty alt or role=\"presentation\"), which maps to the presentation role instead",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "image-role-aria",
+    "dir": "image-role-aria",
+    "role": "image",
+    "description": "A non-<img> element acting as an image via role=\"img\" and aria-label",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "index-epub-type",
+    "dir": "index-epub-type",
+    "role": "index",
+    "description": "An index navigation list, containing links to key subjects and names, via epub:type",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "index-role-aria",
+    "dir": "index-role-aria",
+    "role": "index",
+    "description": "An index navigation list, containing links to key subjects and names, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "introduction-epub-type",
+    "dir": "introduction-epub-type",
+    "role": "introduction",
+    "description": "introduction role via epub:type=\"introduction\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "introduction-role-aria",
+    "dir": "introduction-role-aria",
+    "role": "introduction",
+    "description": "introduction role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-introduction\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "landmarks-epub-type",
+    "dir": "landmarks-epub-type",
+    "role": "landmarks",
+    "description": "A landmarks navigation list, containing links to the cover, table of contents, and start of content",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-block",
+    "dir": "language-block",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "Sibling paragraphs each declaring their own language, overriding the document's default",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-document",
+    "dir": "language-document",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "A paragraph in a document whose <html lang> differs from the default, with no inline language shift or other SSML trigger",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-inline-lang-attribute",
+    "dir": "language-inline-lang-attribute",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "An inline foreign-language phrase using the HTML lang attribute (not xml:lang) on a plain, non-semantic span",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-inline-nested",
+    "dir": "language-inline-nested",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "A paragraph with a language switch nested inside another language switch",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-inline-repeated",
+    "dir": "language-inline-repeated",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "A paragraph where the same foreign language appears twice, separated by base-language text",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "language-inline-two-languages",
+    "dir": "language-inline-two-languages",
+    "role": "language",
+    "description": "A paragraph with two different inline foreign-language phrases",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-aria-posinset-setsize",
+    "dir": "list-aria-posinset-setsize",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An ARIA listitem with explicit aria-posinset/aria-setsize (for lists that don't expose their full membership in the DOM, e.g. paginated or virtualized ones) — neither attribute is read anywhere in the converter. Per ARIA semantics these should take precedence over any DOM-computed position/count when present, which a future position-numbering implementation needs to account for, not just count DOM siblings",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-epub-type",
+    "dir": "list-epub-type",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "list role via epub:type=\"list\" on neutral <div> elements (isolating the epub:type code path from the native <ul>/<ol> tag mapping), with epub:type=\"list-item\" children — the only encoding of this role previously untested; every other list fixture (including pagelist-epub-type, which nests a plain native <ol>) exercises the list role via the native tag, never epub:type",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-html-native",
+    "dir": "list-html-native",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An unordered list via native <ul>/<li> elements",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-item-posinset-override",
+    "dir": "list-item-posinset-override",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "A native <ol>/<li> where the second <li> carries aria-posinset — it overrides only that item's own baked ordinal; the native counting chain for its siblings continues unaffected (per WAI-ARIA's aria-posinset semantics, meant for lists that don't expose their full membership in the DOM), so the third item stays 3, not 100",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-item-value-override",
+    "dir": "list-item-value-override",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An <ol> whose second <li value=\"10\"> resets the running count, so the baked ordinal for the third item is 11, not 3 — HTML's <li value> semantics persist to every following sibling until overridden again",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-ordered-html-native",
+    "dir": "list-ordered-html-native",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "A plain native <ol> with no start/reversed — produces the exact same GND shape as list-html-native's <ul> (both map to a bare \"list\" role via simpleElementTypeRoles, with no ordered/unordered distinction preserved anywhere in the schema). This is the baseline that any future listItem position-numbering feature has to solve first: whether to speak a number at all depends on knowing the list was ordered, which the GND format currently cannot express",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-ordered-reversed",
+    "dir": "list-ordered-reversed",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An <ol reversed> — the baked ordinal counts down from the list's length instead of counting up from 1",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-ordered-start",
+    "dir": "list-ordered-start",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An <ol start=\"5\"> — the start attribute shifts the baked ordinal for every item, not just the first",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "list-role-aria",
+    "dir": "list-role-aria",
+    "role": "list",
+    "description": "An unordered list via explicit role=\"list\"/\"listitem\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "listitem-role-presentation",
+    "dir": "listitem-role-presentation",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A <li> with role=\"presentation\", stripping its native listItem semantics while its sibling item keeps normal listItem behavior",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "loa-epub-type",
+    "dir": "loa-epub-type",
+    "role": "loa",
+    "description": "A list-of-audio-clips navigation list, containing links to audio clips in the work",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "loi-epub-type",
+    "dir": "loi-epub-type",
+    "role": "loi",
+    "description": "A list-of-illustrations navigation list, containing links to illustrations in the work",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "lot-epub-type",
+    "dir": "lot-epub-type",
+    "role": "lot",
+    "description": "A list-of-tables navigation list, containing links to tables in the work",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "lov-epub-type",
+    "dir": "lov-epub-type",
+    "role": "lov",
+    "description": "A list-of-video-clips navigation list, containing links to video clips in the work",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "main-html-native",
+    "dir": "main-html-native",
+    "role": "main",
+    "description": "main role via native <main> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "main-role-aria",
+    "dir": "main-role-aria",
+    "role": "main",
+    "description": "main role via explicit ARIA role=\"main\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "math-html-native",
+    "dir": "math-html-native",
+    "role": "math",
+    "description": "math role via native MathML <math> markup, with a spoken-form description for read-aloud",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "math-no-description",
+    "dir": "math-no-description",
+    "role": "math",
+    "description": "math role via native MathML <math> markup, with no alttext/aria-label and non-trivial children — no spoken-form description available for read-aloud",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "math-role-aria",
+    "dir": "math-role-aria",
+    "role": "math",
+    "description": "math role via explicit ARIA role=\"math\" on a rendered formula, with an aria-label carrying the spoken form for read-aloud",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "navigation-html-native",
+    "dir": "navigation-html-native",
+    "role": "navigation",
+    "description": "navigation role via native <nav> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "navigation-role-aria",
+    "dir": "navigation-role-aria",
+    "role": "navigation",
+    "description": "navigation role via explicit ARIA role=\"navigation\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "noteref-role-aria",
+    "dir": "noteref-role-aria",
+    "role": "noteref",
+    "description": "A standalone noteref link, via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-noteref\", with no resolvable footnote/endnote target",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type",
+    "dir": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type",
+    "role": "footnote",
+    "description": "A noteref's target footnote, nested inside an endnotes section via epub:type, still appears at its own location (unlike a footnote outside any endnotes section, which is suppressed there since a noteref already embeds it inline)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria",
+    "dir": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria",
+    "role": "footnote",
+    "description": "A noteref's target footnote, nested inside an endnotes section via explicit ARIA roles, still appears at its own location (unlike a footnote outside any endnotes section, which is suppressed there since a noteref already embeds it inline)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "notice-epub-type",
+    "dir": "notice-epub-type",
+    "role": "notice",
+    "description": "notice role via epub:type=\"notice\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "notice-role-aria",
+    "dir": "notice-role-aria",
+    "role": "notice",
+    "description": "notice role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-notice\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pagebreak-epub-type",
+    "dir": "pagebreak-epub-type",
+    "role": "pagebreak",
+    "description": "A standalone pagebreak and one falling in the middle of a sentence, via epub:type=\"pagebreak\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pagebreak-role-aria",
+    "dir": "pagebreak-role-aria",
+    "role": "pagebreak",
+    "description": "A standalone pagebreak and one falling in the middle of a sentence, via role=\"doc-pagebreak\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pagelist-epub-type",
+    "dir": "pagelist-epub-type",
+    "role": "pagelist",
+    "description": "A page-list navigation list, containing links to pagebreaks, via epub:type",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pagelist-role-aria",
+    "dir": "pagelist-role-aria",
+    "role": "pagelist",
+    "description": "A page-list navigation list, containing links to pagebreaks, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "paragraph-basic",
+    "dir": "paragraph-basic",
+    "role": "paragraph",
+    "description": "A single paragraph, the only encoding pathway for this role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "part-epub-type",
+    "dir": "part-epub-type",
+    "role": "part",
+    "description": "part role via epub:type=\"part\", containing a heading",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "part-role-aria",
+    "dir": "part-role-aria",
+    "role": "part",
+    "description": "part role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-part\", containing a heading",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "preface-epub-type",
+    "dir": "preface-epub-type",
+    "role": "preface",
+    "description": "preface role via epub:type=\"preface\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "preface-role-aria",
+    "dir": "preface-role-aria",
+    "role": "preface",
+    "description": "preface role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-preface\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "preformatted-html-native",
+    "dir": "preformatted-html-native",
+    "role": "preformatted",
+    "description": "preformatted role via native <pre> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "presentation-role-aria",
+    "dir": "presentation-role-aria",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "presentation role via explicit ARIA role=\"presentation\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "prologue-epub-type",
+    "dir": "prologue-epub-type",
+    "role": "prologue",
+    "description": "prologue role via epub:type=\"prologue\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "prologue-role-aria",
+    "dir": "prologue-role-aria",
+    "role": "prologue",
+    "description": "prologue role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-prologue\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pullquote-epub-type",
+    "dir": "pullquote-epub-type",
+    "role": "pullquote",
+    "description": "pullquote role via epub:type=\"pullquote\" on an <aside>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "pullquote-role-aria",
+    "dir": "pullquote-role-aria",
+    "role": "pullquote",
+    "description": "pullquote role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-pullquote\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "qna-epub-type",
+    "dir": "qna-epub-type",
+    "role": "qna",
+    "description": "qna role via epub:type=\"qna\" on a <section>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "qna-role-aria",
+    "dir": "qna-role-aria",
+    "role": "qna",
+    "description": "qna role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-qna\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "region-role-aria",
+    "dir": "region-role-aria",
+    "role": "region",
+    "description": "region role via explicit ARIA role=\"region\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "section-html-native",
+    "dir": "section-html-native",
+    "role": "section",
+    "description": "section role via native <section> element with no more specific semantic",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "separator-html-native",
+    "dir": "separator-html-native",
+    "role": "separator",
+    "description": "separator role via native <hr> element; a purely visual divider with no read-aloud content",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "separator-role-aria",
+    "dir": "separator-role-aria",
+    "role": "separator",
+    "description": "separator role via explicit ARIA role=\"separator\"; a purely visual divider with no read-aloud content",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "separator-with-glyphs",
+    "dir": "separator-with-glyphs",
+    "role": "separator",
+    "description": "separator role whose visible content is a decorative glyph run (\"* * *\"), not meaningful text",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "subtitle-epub-type",
+    "dir": "subtitle-epub-type",
+    "role": "subtitle",
+    "description": "subtitle role via epub:type=\"subtitle\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "subtitle-role-aria",
+    "dir": "subtitle-role-aria",
+    "role": "subtitle",
+    "description": "subtitle role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-subtitle\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "summary-html-native",
+    "dir": "summary-html-native",
+    "role": "summary",
+    "description": "summary role via native <summary> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-caption",
+    "dir": "table-caption",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A table with an accessible name via aria-label — the {description} branch of table's own announcement template. Uses aria-label rather than a native <caption> element since native <caption>/<figcaption> implicit accessible-name folding is not yet implemented (see CONTEXTUALIZATION_PLAN.md)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-caption-element-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-caption-element-html-native",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A native <table><caption> with no explicit aria-labelledby — the caption becomes a separate child node with role \"caption\", not folded into the table's own description field. Directly demonstrates the caption-folding gap noted in CONTEXTUALIZATION_PLAN.md: table.md's spec assumes <caption> \"can end up in description\", but that implicit association isn't implemented. Contrast with table-caption (which uses explicit aria-label and does populate description) and table-caption-role-aria (the same un-folded-caption behavior via role=\"caption\")",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-caption-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-caption-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "An ARIA table with an explicit role=\"caption\" child (no aria-labelledby) — same un-folded behavior as table-caption-element-html-native (a separate role \"caption\" child, not folded into the table's own description), confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding rather than a native <caption> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-colspan-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-colspan-html-native",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A native columnheader with colspan=\"2\" spanning two data columns — colspan is not read or tracked at all; the second data row's two cells carry no header-association information reflecting that a single header covers both of them. Relevant to the planned cell/rowheader {header}: {value} template work, which needs real column-index tracking to get this right. See table-colspan-role-aria for the aria-colspan equivalent",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-colspan-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-colspan-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "An ARIA columnheader with aria-colspan=\"2\" spanning two data columns — same as table-colspan-html-native's native colspan, aria-colspan is not read or tracked at all either, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-epub-type",
+    "dir": "table-epub-type",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "table role via epub:type=\"table\"/\"table-row\"/\"table-cell\" on neutral <div> elements — the only encoding of table previously untested, despite extensive native/ARIA table coverage. epub:type has no columnheader/rowheader equivalent at all (only table/table-row/table-cell are mapped in epubTypeRoles), so this is necessarily a header-less data grid, same shape as table-no-headers",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-html-native",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A table with a header row and row headers, via native <table>/<tr>/<th>/<td>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-in-role-none-wrapper",
+    "dir": "table-in-role-none-wrapper",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A native <table> inside a <div role=\"none\">: a div has no required owned elements, so presentation doesn't reach the table, which keeps its table/row/columnheader/cell roles",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-nested-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-nested-html-native",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A native <table> nested inside another native table's cell — confirms recursion handles it correctly (the inner table's own row/cell structure resolves independently, nested under the outer cell alongside its own text). See table-nested-role-aria for the ARIA-role equivalent",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-nested-in-presentation-table",
+    "dir": "table-nested-in-presentation-table",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A data table nested in a layout <table role=\"presentation\">: only the outer table's own rows/cells inherit presentation; the inner table keeps its table/row/columnheader/cell roles",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-nested-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-nested-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "An ARIA table (role=\"table\"/role=\"row\"/role=\"cell\") nested inside another ARIA table's cell — same correct recursion as table-nested-html-native, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-no-headers",
+    "dir": "table-no-headers",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A bare data table with no columnheader/rowheader row at all — the header-less \"{value}\" branch of cell's announcement template",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A table with a header row and row headers, via explicit ARIA table/row/columnheader/rowheader/cell roles",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-role-presentation-explicit-cell",
+    "dir": "table-role-presentation-explicit-cell",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A <td role=\"cell\"> in a <table role=\"presentation\"> keeps its explicit role, while its sibling <td> with no role inherits presentation",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-role-presentation-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-role-presentation-html-native",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "A native <table role=\"presentation\">: its rows/cells have no explicit role, so they inherit presentation (ARIA presentational inheritance to required owned elements). See table-role-presentation-role-aria for explicit roles, which don't inherit",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-role-presentation-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-role-presentation-role-aria",
+    "role": "presentation",
+    "description": "role=\"presentation\" on a wrapper doesn't override descendants' explicit role=\"row\"/\"columnheader\"/\"cell\" (ARIA presentational inheritance skips explicit roles)",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-rowgroup-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-rowgroup-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "An ARIA table with an explicit role=\"rowgroup\" wrapper around its rows — rowgroup is not in GND's role vocabulary at all, so the wrapper is treated as an unknown role and spliced away transparently, same as native <thead>/<tbody>/<tfoot> (see table-sectioning). Captured as a baseline confirming this is consistent across both encodings, not a native-only quirk",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-rowspan-html-native",
+    "dir": "table-rowspan-html-native",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A native rowheader with rowspan=\"2\" spanning two data rows — rowspan is not read or tracked at all; the second row's cell carries no rowheader association even though the spanned header logically covers it too. Same relevance as table-colspan-html-native for the planned header-association work. See table-rowspan-role-aria for the aria-rowspan equivalent",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-rowspan-role-aria",
+    "dir": "table-rowspan-role-aria",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "An ARIA rowheader with aria-rowspan=\"2\" spanning two data rows — same as table-rowspan-html-native's native rowspan, aria-rowspan is not read or tracked at all either, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-sectioning",
+    "dir": "table-sectioning",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "<thead>/<tbody>/<tfoot> are transparent — their rows flatten directly into the table's children with no rowgroup role or boundary marker of any kind. GND's role vocabulary has no rowgroup role at all (not in roles.md), so this is presumed intentional (grouping is visual-only, not meaningful for read-aloud), but was previously unconfirmed by any fixture — a tfoot row like a totals row is indistinguishable from a tbody row",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "table-th-no-scope",
+    "dir": "table-th-no-scope",
+    "role": "table",
+    "description": "A <th> with no scope attribute at all — falls back to a plain cell rather than columnheader/rowheader, since the converter only infers header direction from an explicit scope=\"col\"/\"row\" and does not implement HTML-AAM's implicit header-association algorithm. This is extremely common real-world markup (most authors omit scope), captured here as a baseline, not an endorsement of the current fallback",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "term-epub-type",
+    "dir": "term-epub-type",
+    "role": "term",
+    "description": "term role via epub:type=\"glossterm\" on a <dt>, nested in a <dl epub:type=\"glossary\">",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "term-html-native",
+    "dir": "term-html-native",
+    "role": "term",
+    "description": "term role via native <dfn> element",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "term-role-aria",
+    "dir": "term-role-aria",
+    "role": "term",
+    "description": "term role via explicit ARIA role=\"term\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "tip-epub-type",
+    "dir": "tip-epub-type",
+    "role": "tip",
+    "description": "tip role via epub:type=\"tip\" on an <aside>",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "tip-role-aria",
+    "dir": "tip-role-aria",
+    "role": "tip",
+    "description": "tip role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-tip\"",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "toc-epub-type",
+    "dir": "toc-epub-type",
+    "role": "toc",
+    "description": "A table-of-contents navigation list, containing links to sectional headings, via epub:type",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.xhtml",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "toc-role-aria",
+    "dir": "toc-role-aria",
+    "role": "toc",
+    "description": "A table-of-contents navigation list, containing links to sectional headings, via explicit ARIA role",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "video-html-native",
+    "dir": "video-html-native",
+    "role": "video",
+    "description": "video role via native <video src> element, with an aria-label as the accessible description",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "video-no-description",
+    "dir": "video-no-description",
+    "role": "video",
+    "description": "video role via native <video src> element, with no accessible name at all",
+    "files": {
+      "input": "input.html",
+      "gnd": "gnd.json"
+    }
+  }
+]
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a985c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"x squared plus y squared equals z squared\">\n  <msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n  <mo>+</mo>\n  <msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n  <mo>=</mo>\n  <msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n</math>"
+  },
+  "textref": "#css(math)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "x squared plus y squared equals z squared"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1af608e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<math alttext="x squared plus y squared equals z squared">
+  <msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+  <mo>+</mo>
+  <msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+  <mo>=</mo>
+  <msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+</math>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a64687a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "math-html-native",
+  "description": "math role via native MathML <math> markup, with a spoken-form description for read-aloud",
+  "role": "math",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e8b6b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "ssml": "<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n  <msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n  <mo>+</mo>\n  <msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n  <mo>=</mo>\n  <msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>\n</math>"
+  },
+  "textref": "#css(math)"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ce201fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<math>
+  <msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+  <mo>+</mo>
+  <msup><mi>y</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+  <mo>=</mo>
+  <msup><mi>z</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
+</math>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb1180dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-no-description/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "math-no-description",
+  "description": "math role via native MathML <math> markup, with no alttext/aria-label and non-trivial children — no spoken-form description available for read-aloud",
+  "role": "math",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fb70194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "x² + y² = z²"
+  },
+  "textref": "#css(span)",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "x squared plus y squared equals z squared"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59f0e3c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<span role="math" aria-label="x squared plus y squared equals z squared">x² + y² = z²</span>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f673a67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/math-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "math-role-aria",
+  "description": "math role via explicit ARIA role=\"math\" on a rendered formula, with an aria-label carrying the spoken form for read-aloud",
+  "role": "math",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "math"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0de5820b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "navigation"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Link to the next chapter."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77173354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<nav>Link to the next chapter.</nav>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08b5d806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "navigation-html-native",
+  "description": "navigation role via native <nav> element",
+  "role": "navigation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "navigation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0de5820b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "navigation"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Link to the next chapter."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..617f494a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="navigation">Link to the next chapter.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7132450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/navigation-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "navigation-role-aria",
+  "description": "navigation role via explicit ARIA role=\"navigation\"",
+  "role": "navigation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "navigation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6adcd41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "noteref"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "12"
+  },
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "textref": "#note12"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2f4454c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a href="#note12" role="doc-noteref">12</a>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00d1fd68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "noteref-role-aria",
+  "description": "A standalone noteref link, via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-noteref\", with no resolvable footnote/endnote target",
+  "role": "noteref",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "noteref"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc9856ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "en",
+        "plain": "This text has a note.",
+        "ssml": "This text has a note <readium:noteref id=\"noteref1\" />."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "id": "noteref1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "[1]"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "noteref"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the note."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem",
+                "footnote"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "endnotes"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "heading2"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Notes"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "id": "note1",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the note."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem",
+                "footnote"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb68d696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>This text has a note <a href="#note1" epub:type="noteref">[1]</a>.</p>
+<section epub:type="endnotes">
+  <h2>Notes</h2>
+  <ol>
+    <li id="note1" epub:type="footnote">Text of the note.</li>
+  </ol>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0126658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "id": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-epub-type",
+  "description": "A noteref's target footnote, nested inside an endnotes section via epub:type, still appears at its own location (unlike a footnote outside any endnotes section, which is suppressed there since a noteref already embeds it inline)",
+  "role": "footnote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "footnote",
+    "noteref",
+    "endnotes",
+    "heading2",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..036d9dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "en",
+        "plain": "This text has a note.",
+        "ssml": "This text has a note <readium:noteref id=\"noteref1\" />."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "id": "noteref1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "[1]"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "noteref"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the note."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem",
+                "footnote"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "endnotes"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "heading2"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Notes"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "id": "note1",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Text of the note."
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "listItem",
+                "footnote"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d83e177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<p>This text has a note <a href="#note1" role="doc-noteref">[1]</a>.</p>
+<section role="doc-endnotes">
+  <h2>Notes</h2>
+  <ol>
+    <li id="note1" role="doc-footnote">Text of the note.</li>
+  </ol>
+</section>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b57d330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "id": "noteref-target-in-endnotes-role-aria",
+  "description": "A noteref's target footnote, nested inside an endnotes section via explicit ARIA roles, still appears at its own location (unlike a footnote outside any endnotes section, which is suppressed there since a noteref already embeds it inline)",
+  "role": "footnote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "footnote",
+    "noteref",
+    "endnotes",
+    "heading2",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac63e2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Caution: the tower stairs are uneven."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "notice"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11dd8eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="notice">Caution: the tower stairs are uneven.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acd14fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "notice-epub-type",
+  "description": "notice role via epub:type=\"notice\"",
+  "role": "notice",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "notice"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b877083d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "notice"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Caution: the tower stairs are uneven."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57e4f718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-notice">Caution: the tower stairs are uneven.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20bb968f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/notice-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "notice-role-aria",
+  "description": "notice role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-notice\"",
+  "role": "notice",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "notice"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b8b746e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "4"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "pagebreak"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "language": "en",
+        "plain": "And the next pagebreak is in the middle of a sentence.",
+        "ssml": "And the next pagebreak is in the middle <readium:pagebreak id=\"pagebreak1\" /> of a sentence."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "id": "pagebreak1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "5"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "pagebreak"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eff78dcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<span epub:type="pagebreak" title="4"></span>
+<p>And the next pagebreak is in the middle <span epub:type="pagebreak" title="5"></span> of a sentence.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdf0f441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "pagebreak-epub-type",
+  "description": "A standalone pagebreak and one falling in the middle of a sentence, via epub:type=\"pagebreak\"",
+  "role": "pagebreak",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pagebreak"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..feeea9fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "pagebreak"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "4"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "And the next pagebreak is in the middle of a sentence.",
+        "ssml": "And the next pagebreak is in the middle <readium:pagebreak id=\"pagebreak1\" /> of a sentence.",
+        "language": "en"
+      },
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "pagebreak"
+          ],
+          "id": "pagebreak1",
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "5"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c258945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<span role="doc-pagebreak" title="4"></span>
+<p>And the next pagebreak is in the middle <span role="doc-pagebreak" title="5"></span> of a sentence.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c31359f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagebreak-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "pagebreak-role-aria",
+  "description": "A standalone pagebreak and one falling in the middle of a sentence, via role=\"doc-pagebreak\"",
+  "role": "pagebreak",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pagebreak"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1da3774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "pagelist"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "#pg1",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Page 1"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "#pg2",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Page 2"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "#pg3",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Page 3"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66f86d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="page-list">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="#pg1">Page 1</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#pg2">Page 2</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#pg3">Page 3</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..416efde5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "pagelist-epub-type",
+  "description": "A page-list navigation list, containing links to pagebreaks, via epub:type",
+  "role": "pagelist",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pagelist",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..374c2f66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "navigation",
+    "pagelist"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "#pg1",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Page 1"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "#pg2",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Page 2"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "#pg3",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Page 3"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77a98301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<nav role="doc-pagelist">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="#pg1">Page 1</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#pg2">Page 2</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#pg3">Page 3</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81c0ee58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pagelist-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "pagelist-role-aria",
+  "description": "A page-list navigation list, containing links to pagebreaks, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "pagelist",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pagelist",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7935f0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a1e36e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<p>It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9dc55ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/paragraph-basic/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "paragraph-basic",
+  "description": "A single paragraph, the only encoding pathway for this role",
+  "role": "paragraph",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "paragraph"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#paragraphs",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a3d0d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "part"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Title of the part"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "heading1"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9c8901e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="part">
+  <h1>Title of the part</h1>
+</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75ea4130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "part-epub-type",
+  "description": "part role via epub:type=\"part\", containing a heading",
+  "role": "part",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "part",
+    "heading1"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud#sections-and-headers",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99a8d92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "section",
+    "part"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "heading1"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Title of the part"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd781968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<section role="doc-part">
+  <h1>Title of the part</h1>
+</section>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a06ebd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/part-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "part-role-aria",
+  "description": "part role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-part\", containing a heading",
+  "role": "part",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "part",
+    "heading1"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf412399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "This edition adds a chapter on automation."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "preface"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7a8f66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="preface">This edition adds a chapter on automation.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00ca0ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "preface-epub-type",
+  "description": "preface role via epub:type=\"preface\"",
+  "role": "preface",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "preface"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c603685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "preface"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "This edition adds a chapter on automation."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28278878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-preface">This edition adds a chapter on automation.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..603742ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preface-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "preface-role-aria",
+  "description": "preface role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-preface\"",
+  "role": "preface",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "preface"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..554e1f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "preformatted"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "10 PRINT \"HELLO\" 20 GOTO 10"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab3604dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<pre>  10 PRINT "HELLO"
+  20 GOTO 10</pre>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb242c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/preformatted-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "preformatted-html-native",
+  "description": "preformatted role via native <pre> element",
+  "role": "preformatted",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "preformatted"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e26c28ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Decorative content with no semantic meaning."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60e0372b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="presentation">Decorative content with no semantic meaning.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cf1a961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/presentation-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "presentation-role-aria",
+  "description": "presentation role via explicit ARIA role=\"presentation\"",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ee8a075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before the lamp was ever lit, the rock was already feared."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "prologue"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61aeacb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="prologue">Before the lamp was ever lit, the rock was already feared.</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5a91e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "prologue-epub-type",
+  "description": "prologue role via epub:type=\"prologue\"",
+  "role": "prologue",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "prologue"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1668a564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "prologue"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Before the lamp was ever lit, the rock was already feared."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebb5b7a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-prologue">Before the lamp was ever lit, the rock was already feared.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d20dd470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/prologue-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "prologue-role-aria",
+  "description": "prologue role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-prologue\"",
+  "role": "prologue",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "prologue"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..534fce5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "aside",
+        "pullquote"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48ec5aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<aside epub:type="pullquote">The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore.</aside>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c56451e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "pullquote-epub-type",
+  "description": "pullquote role via epub:type=\"pullquote\" on an <aside>",
+  "role": "pullquote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pullquote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..158a5286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "pullquote"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49d9d7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-pullquote">The lamp still turns, though no one climbs the stairs anymore.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b576ae75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/pullquote-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "pullquote-role-aria",
+  "description": "pullquote role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-pullquote\"",
+  "role": "pullquote",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "pullquote"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1ca95b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Q: How often was the lamp refueled? A: Nightly, by hand."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "section",
+        "qna"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93340865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<section epub:type="qna">Q: How often was the lamp refueled? A: Nightly, by hand.</section>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..167aa1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "qna-epub-type",
+  "description": "qna role via epub:type=\"qna\" on a <section>",
+  "role": "qna",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "qna"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbce24d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "qna"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Q: How often was the lamp refueled? A: Nightly, by hand."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e29c0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-qna">Q: How often was the lamp refueled? A: Nightly, by hand.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acc5f16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/qna-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "qna-role-aria",
+  "description": "qna role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-qna\"",
+  "role": "qna",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "qna"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd12f49a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "region"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A named region of interest within the page."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c029d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="region">A named region of interest within the page.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..510a5ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/region-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "region-role-aria",
+  "description": "region role via explicit ARIA role=\"region\"",
+  "role": "region",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "region"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71ab77ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "section"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "The lighthouse was decommissioned in 1998, though its light still functions as a private aid to navigation."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50b865c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<section>The lighthouse was decommissioned in 1998, though its light still functions as a private aid to navigation.</section>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e58c5994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/section-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "section-html-native",
+  "description": "section role via native <section> element with no more specific semantic",
+  "role": "section",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "section"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc37b8ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section one."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "separator"
+      ],
+      "textref": "#css(hr)"
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section two."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c65eb81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Section one.</p>
+<hr>
+<p>Section two.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fa0fb53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "separator-html-native",
+  "description": "separator role via native <hr> element; a purely visual divider with no read-aloud content",
+  "role": "separator",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "separator"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..315d3304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section one."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "separator"
+      ],
+      "textref": "#css(div)"
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Section two."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14289329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Section one.</p>
+<div role="separator"></div>
+<p>Section two.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ec11d59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "separator-role-aria",
+  "description": "separator role via explicit ARIA role=\"separator\"; a purely visual divider with no read-aloud content",
+  "role": "separator",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "separator"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1615ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Before."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "separator"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "* * *"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "paragraph"
+      ],
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "After."
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97b7d817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p>Before.</p>
+<div role="separator">* * *</div>
+<p>After.</p>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf191540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/separator-with-glyphs/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "separator-with-glyphs",
+  "description": "separator role whose visible content is a decorative glyph run (\"* * *\"), not meaningful text",
+  "role": "separator",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "separator"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53a23958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "A History of Coastal Lights"
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "subtitle"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40daa04c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="subtitle">A History of Coastal Lights</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbe349c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "subtitle-epub-type",
+  "description": "subtitle role via epub:type=\"subtitle\"",
+  "role": "subtitle",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "subtitle"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87ca6f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "subtitle"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "A History of Coastal Lights"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..790129e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-subtitle">A History of Coastal Lights</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c38c3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/subtitle-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "subtitle-role-aria",
+  "description": "subtitle role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-subtitle\"",
+  "role": "subtitle",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "subtitle"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c14a3d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "summary"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Click to expand"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aec1aec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<summary>Click to expand</summary>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6724e26c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/summary-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "summary-html-native",
+  "description": "summary role via native <summary> element",
+  "role": "summary",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "summary"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d313bfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Team roster"
+    }
+  },
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2aebe3c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<table>
+  <caption>Team roster</caption>
+  <tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr>
+  <tr><td>Ada</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38f08eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-element-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-caption-element-html-native",
+  "description": "A native <table><caption> with no explicit aria-labelledby — the caption becomes a separate child node with role \"caption\", not folded into the table's own description field. Directly demonstrates the caption-folding gap noted in CONTEXTUALIZATION_PLAN.md: table.md's spec assumes <caption> \"can end up in description\", but that implicit association isn't implemented. Contrast with table-caption (which uses explicit aria-label and does populate description) and table-caption-role-aria (the same un-folded-caption behavior via role=\"caption\")",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "caption",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f89c9f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Team roster"
+    }
+  },
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..324f02f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="caption">Team roster</div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="columnheader">Name</div></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ddbf638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-caption-role-aria",
+  "description": "An ARIA table with an explicit role=\"caption\" child (no aria-labelledby) — same un-folded behavior as table-caption-element-html-native (a separate role \"caption\" child, not folded into the table's own description), confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding rather than a native <caption> element",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "caption",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b060cb20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Role"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Grace"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Admiral"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "Team roster"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46955dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<table aria-label="Team roster">
+  <tr><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Role</th></tr>
+  <tr><th scope="row">Ada</th><td>Engineer</td></tr>
+  <tr><th scope="row">Grace</th><td>Admiral</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8bd8bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-caption/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-caption",
+  "description": "A table with an accessible name via aria-label — the {description} branch of table's own announcement template. Uses aria-label rather than a native <caption> element since native <caption>/<figcaption> implicit accessible-name folding is not yet implemented (see CONTEXTUALIZATION_PLAN.md)",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "rowheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4feebc7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name and Role"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..277b31ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<table>
+  <tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Name and Role</th></tr>
+  <tr><td>Ada</td><td>Engineer</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b942554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-colspan-html-native",
+  "description": "A native columnheader with colspan=\"2\" spanning two data columns — colspan is not read or tracked at all; the second data row's two cells carry no header-association information reflecting that a single header covers both of them. Relevant to the planned cell/rowheader {header}: {value} template work, which needs real column-index tracking to get this right. See table-colspan-role-aria for the aria-colspan equivalent",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4feebc7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name and Role"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a3d1a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="row"><div role="columnheader" aria-colspan="2">Name and Role</div></div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="cell">Ada</div><div role="cell">Engineer</div></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0eda8a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-colspan-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-colspan-role-aria",
+  "description": "An ARIA columnheader with aria-colspan=\"2\" spanning two data columns — same as table-colspan-html-native's native colspan, aria-colspan is not read or tracked at all either, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11ee718f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "table"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "row"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Ada"
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "cell"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Engineer"
+              },
+              "role": [
+                "cell"
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc5492a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div epub:type="table">
+  <div epub:type="table-row">
+    <div epub:type="table-cell">Ada</div>
+    <div epub:type="table-cell">Engineer</div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff7f665a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-epub-type",
+  "description": "table role via epub:type=\"table\"/\"table-row\"/\"table-cell\" on neutral <div> elements — the only encoding of table previously untested, despite extensive native/ARIA table coverage. epub:type has no columnheader/rowheader equivalent at all (only table/table-row/table-cell are mapped in epubTypeRoles), so this is necessarily a header-less data grid, same shape as table-no-headers",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..238061bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Role"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Grace"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Admiral"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e16e3d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<table>
+  <tr><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Role</th></tr>
+  <tr><th scope="row">Ada</th><td>Engineer</td></tr>
+  <tr><th scope="row">Grace</th><td>Admiral</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d6a7cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-html-native",
+  "description": "A table with a header row and row headers, via native <table>/<tr>/<th>/<td>",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "rowheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad9aa32c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "columnheader"
+              ],
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Name"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "role": [
+            "row"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "cell"
+              ],
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Ada"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "role": [
+            "row"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "role": [
+        "table"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70eab1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<div role="none">
+  <table>
+    <tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr>
+    <tr><td>Ada</td></tr>
+  </table>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c6ca312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-in-role-none-wrapper/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-in-role-none-wrapper",
+  "description": "A native <table> inside a <div role=\"none\">: a div has no required owned elements, so presentation doesn't reach the table, which keeps its table/row/columnheader/cell roles",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation",
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#conflict_resolution_presentation_none",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3bc548d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Outer"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "table"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "role": [
+                    "row"
+                  ],
+                  "children": [
+                    {
+                      "text": {
+                        "plain": "Inner"
+                      },
+                      "role": [
+                        "cell"
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c484a720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<table>
+  <tr><td>Outer<table><tr><td>Inner</td></tr></table></td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7290cbff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-nested-html-native",
+  "description": "A native <table> nested inside another native table's cell — confirms recursion handles it correctly (the inner table's own row/cell structure resolves independently, nested under the outer cell alongside its own text). See table-nested-role-aria for the ARIA-role equivalent",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a38ef21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Layout"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "children": [
+                    {
+                      "role": [
+                        "columnheader"
+                      ],
+                      "text": {
+                        "plain": "Name"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "role": [
+                    "row"
+                  ]
+                },
+                {
+                  "children": [
+                    {
+                      "role": [
+                        "cell"
+                      ],
+                      "text": {
+                        "plain": "Ada"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "role": [
+                    "row"
+                  ]
+                }
+              ],
+              "role": [
+                "table"
+              ]
+            }
+          ],
+          "role": [
+            "presentation"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15e91d93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<table role="presentation">
+  <tr><td>Layout<table><tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr><tr><td>Ada</td></tr></table></td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d9f94a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-in-presentation-table/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-nested-in-presentation-table",
+  "description": "A data table nested in a layout <table role=\"presentation\">: only the outer table's own rows/cells inherit presentation; the inner table keeps its table/row/columnheader/cell roles",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation",
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#conflict_resolution_presentation_none",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3bc548d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Outer"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "table"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "role": [
+                    "row"
+                  ],
+                  "children": [
+                    {
+                      "text": {
+                        "plain": "Inner"
+                      },
+                      "role": [
+                        "cell"
+                      ]
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d00887e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="row">
+    <div role="cell">Outer
+      <div role="table">
+        <div role="row"><div role="cell">Inner</div></div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b6250e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-nested-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-nested-role-aria",
+  "description": "An ARIA table (role=\"table\"/role=\"row\"/role=\"cell\") nested inside another ARIA table's cell — same correct recursion as table-nested-html-native, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba8284b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Grace"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Admiral"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ac11390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ada</td>
+    <td>Engineer</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Grace</td>
+    <td>Admiral</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd9a6785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-no-headers/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-no-headers",
+  "description": "A bare data table with no columnheader/rowheader row at all — the header-less \"{value}\" branch of cell's announcement template",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..238061bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Role"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Grace"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Admiral"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9e3ed26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="row"><div role="columnheader">Name</div><div role="columnheader">Role</div></div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="rowheader">Ada</div><div role="cell">Engineer</div></div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="rowheader">Grace</div><div role="cell">Admiral</div></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c1aac79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-role-aria",
+  "description": "A table with a header row and row headers, via explicit ARIA table/row/columnheader/rowheader/cell roles",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "rowheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f929f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "presentation"
+          ],
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Lovelace"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eca2468d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<table role="presentation">
+  <tr><td role="cell">Ada</td><td>Lovelace</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d75a45b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-explicit-cell/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-role-presentation-explicit-cell",
+  "description": "A <td role=\"cell\"> in a <table role=\"presentation\"> keeps its explicit role, while its sibling <td> with no role inherits presentation",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/#conflict_resolution_presentation_none",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14b39ca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "presentation"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "presentation"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "presentation"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef1b4a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<table role="presentation">
+  <tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr>
+  <tr><td>Ada</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be85dd78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-role-presentation-html-native",
+  "description": "A native <table role=\"presentation\">: its rows/cells have no explicit role, so they inherit presentation (ARIA presentational inheritance to required owned elements). See table-role-presentation-role-aria for explicit roles, which don't inherit",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Reference/Roles/presentation_role",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d26e7395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "presentation"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28ac3e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<div role="presentation">
+  <div role="row"><div role="columnheader">Name</div></div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="cell">Ada</div></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99361c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-role-presentation-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-role-presentation-role-aria",
+  "description": "role=\"presentation\" on a wrapper doesn't override descendants' explicit role=\"row\"/\"columnheader\"/\"cell\" (ARIA presentational inheritance skips explicit roles)",
+  "role": "presentation",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "presentation",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Reference/Roles/presentation_role",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5794f6fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..849f7fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="rowgroup">
+    <div role="row"><div role="columnheader">Name</div></div>
+  </div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccdabce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowgroup-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-rowgroup-role-aria",
+  "description": "An ARIA table with an explicit role=\"rowgroup\" wrapper around its rows — rowgroup is not in GND's role vocabulary at all, so the wrapper is treated as an unknown role and spliced away transparently, same as native <thead>/<tbody>/<tfoot> (see table-sectioning). Captured as a baseline confirming this is consistent across both encodings, not a native-only quirk",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d357ea6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "2020"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2899834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<table>
+  <tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2">Ada</th><td>Engineer</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>2020</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9b0807c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-rowspan-html-native",
+  "description": "A native rowheader with rowspan=\"2\" spanning two data rows — rowspan is not read or tracked at all; the second row's cell carries no rowheader association even though the spanned header logically covers it too. Same relevance as table-colspan-html-native for the planned header-association work. See table-rowspan-role-aria for the aria-rowspan equivalent",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "rowheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d357ea6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "rowheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "2020"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91ec107a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<div role="table">
+  <div role="row"><div role="rowheader" aria-rowspan="2">Ada</div><div role="cell">Engineer</div></div>
+  <div role="row"><div role="cell">2020</div></div>
+</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c038ca6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-rowspan-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-rowspan-role-aria",
+  "description": "An ARIA rowheader with aria-rowspan=\"2\" spanning two data rows — same as table-rowspan-html-native's native rowspan, aria-rowspan is not read or tracked at all either, confirmed via the explicit-ARIA encoding",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "rowheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4605f1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Total: 1"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0100fa75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<table>
+  <thead>
+    <tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr>
+  </thead>
+  <tbody>
+    <tr><td>Ada</td></tr>
+  </tbody>
+  <tfoot>
+    <tr><td>Total: 1</td></tr>
+  </tfoot>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd135104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-sectioning/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-sectioning",
+  "description": "<thead>/<tbody>/<tfoot> are transparent — their rows flatten directly into the table's children with no rowgroup role or boundary marker of any kind. GND's role vocabulary has no rowgroup role at all (not in roles.md), so this is presumed intentional (grouping is visual-only, not meaningful for read-aloud), but was previously unconfirmed by any fixture — a tfoot row like a totals row is indistinguishable from a tbody row",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "columnheader",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0b26b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "table"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Name"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Role"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "columnheader"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "row"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Ada"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "Engineer"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "cell"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee9f69ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<table>
+  <tr><th>Name</th><th>Role</th></tr>
+  <tr><td>Ada</td><td>Engineer</td></tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..633fe689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/table-th-no-scope/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "table-th-no-scope",
+  "description": "A <th> with no scope attribute at all — falls back to a plain cell rather than columnheader/rowheader, since the converter only infers header direction from an explicit scope=\"col\"/\"row\" and does not implement HTML-AAM's implicit header-association algorithm. This is extremely common real-world markup (most authors omit scope), captured here as a baseline, not an endorsement of the current fallback",
+  "role": "table",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "table",
+    "row",
+    "cell"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/tree/main/examples/read-aloud",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfee6436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "glossary"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "text": {
+            "plain": "lighthouse"
+          },
+          "role": [
+            "term"
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90dea642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<dl epub:type="glossary">
+  <dt epub:type="glossterm">lighthouse</dt>
+</dl>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abf83633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "id": "term-epub-type",
+  "description": "term role via epub:type=\"glossterm\" on a <dt>, nested in a <dl epub:type=\"glossary\">",
+  "role": "term",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "term",
+    "glossary"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60f87023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "term"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "lighthouse"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdc08f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<dfn>lighthouse</dfn>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..754ca1f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "term-html-native",
+  "description": "term role via native <dfn> element",
+  "role": "term",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "term"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60f87023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "term"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "lighthouse"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ad2bad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="term">lighthouse</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95f949f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/term-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "term-role-aria",
+  "description": "term role via explicit ARIA role=\"term\"",
+  "role": "term",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "term"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0aab5218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "text": {
+        "plain": "Tip: wind the mechanism fully before dusk."
+      },
+      "role": [
+        "aside",
+        "tip"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1be3686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<aside epub:type="tip">Tip: wind the mechanism fully before dusk.</aside>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6586391b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "tip-epub-type",
+  "description": "tip role via epub:type=\"tip\" on an <aside>",
+  "role": "tip",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "tip"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47c2633e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "tip"
+  ],
+  "text": {
+    "plain": "Tip: wind the mechanism fully before dusk."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63efd12d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<div role="doc-tip">Tip: wind the mechanism fully before dusk.</div>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f19044e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/tip-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "tip-role-aria",
+  "description": "tip role via explicit ARIA role=\"doc-tip\"",
+  "role": "tip",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "tip"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c5a0e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "body"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "navigation",
+        "toc"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "list"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter1.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Chapter One"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter2.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Chapter Two"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "role": [
+                "listItem"
+              ],
+              "children": [
+                {
+                  "textref": "chapter3.xhtml",
+                  "text": {
+                    "plain": "Chapter Three"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/input.xhtml b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/input.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ca66981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/input.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8"/>
+<title>Fixture</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav epub:type="toc">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml">Chapter One</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter2.xhtml">Chapter Two</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter3.xhtml">Chapter Three</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f6bef87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-epub-type/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "toc-epub-type",
+  "description": "A table-of-contents navigation list, containing links to sectional headings, via epub:type",
+  "role": "toc",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "toc",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "document"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce646ceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "navigation",
+    "toc"
+  ],
+  "children": [
+    {
+      "role": [
+        "list"
+      ],
+      "children": [
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "chapter1.xhtml",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Chapter One"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "chapter2.xhtml",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Chapter Two"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "role": [
+            "listItem"
+          ],
+          "children": [
+            {
+              "textref": "chapter3.xhtml",
+              "text": {
+                "plain": "Chapter Three"
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f9d6377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<nav role="doc-toc">
+  <ol>
+    <li><a href="chapter1.xhtml">Chapter One</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter2.xhtml">Chapter Two</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chapter3.xhtml">Chapter Three</a></li>
+  </ol>
+</nav>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4271ce62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/toc-role-aria/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "id": "toc-role-aria",
+  "description": "A table-of-contents navigation list, containing links to sectional headings, via explicit ARIA role",
+  "role": "toc",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "toc",
+    "list",
+    "listItem"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb634c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "role": [
+    "video"
+  ],
+  "videoref": "lamp-mechanism.mp4",
+  "description": {
+    "text": {
+      "plain": "The lamp mechanism rotating at dusk"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74fe1fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<video src="lamp-mechanism.mp4" controls aria-label="The lamp mechanism rotating at dusk"></video>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7818632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-html-native/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "video-html-native",
+  "description": "video role via native <video src> element, with an aria-label as the accessible description",
+  "role": "video",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "video"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/gnd.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/gnd.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baf9a77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/gnd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "videoref": "clockwork.mp4",
+  "role": [
+    "video"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/input.html b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/input.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6697346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/input.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<video src="clockwork.mp4" controls></video>
diff --git a/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/meta.json b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b22dbf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/fixtures/video-no-description/meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "id": "video-no-description",
+  "description": "video role via native <video src> element, with no accessible name at all",
+  "role": "video",
+  "rolesCovered": [
+    "video"
+  ],
+  "sourceRef": "https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/roles.md",
+  "inputKind": "fragment"
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/jest.config.cjs b/guided-navigation/jest.config.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52d7e18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/jest.config.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+module.exports = {
+    moduleNameMapper: {
+        "^@readium/helpers$": "<rootDir>/../helpers/src/index.ts",
+        "^@readium/shared$": "<rootDir>/../shared/src/index.ts"
+    },
+    transform: {
+        "^.+\\.(mt|t|cj|j)s$": ["ts-jest", { tsconfig: "tsconfig.test.json" }]
+    },
+    testMatch: ["**/*.test.ts"],
+    testEnvironment: "<rootDir>/jest.environment.cjs",
+    transformIgnorePatterns: ["/node_modules/(?!(\\.pnpm/)?css-selector-generator)"]
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/jest.environment.cjs b/guided-navigation/jest.environment.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2394f0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/jest.environment.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+const BaseEnvironment = require("@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract").default;
+const jsdom = require("jsdom");
+
+module.exports = class extends BaseEnvironment {
+  constructor(config, context) {
+    super(config, context, jsdom);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/guided-navigation/package.json b/guided-navigation/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83ca1ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "name": "@readium/guided-navigation",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "type": "module",
+  "description": "Guided Navigation document generation from HTML and XHTML content",
+  "author": "readium",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/readium/ts-toolkit.git",
+    "directory": "guided-navigation"
+  },
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/readium/ts-toolkit/issues"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/readium/ts-toolkit",
+  "keywords": [
+    "readium",
+    "guided-navigation",
+    "accessibility",
+    "read-aloud",
+    "tts"
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/src/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "ts-toolkit-source": "./src/index.ts",
+      "types": "./types/src/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js"
+    }
+  },
+  "sideEffects": false,
+  "files": [
+    "dist",
+    "src",
+    "types",
+    "fixtures"
+  ],
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=24"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "clean": "rimraf types dist",
+    "build": "pnpm clean && tsc && vite build",
+    "test": "jest",
+    "generate-fixtures-manifest": "node scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@readium/helpers": "workspace:*",
+    "@readium/shared": "workspace:*",
+    "css-selector-generator": "^3.9.4"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract": "^30.5.2",
+    "@types/jest": "^30.0.0",
+    "@types/node": "^26.6.3",
+    "jest": "^30.2.0",
+    "jsdom": "^30.1.1",
+    "rimraf": "^6.1.3",
+    "ts-jest": "^29.4.6",
+    "tslib": "^2.8.1",
+    "typescript": "^5.9.3",
+    "vite": "^7.3.1"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js b/guided-navigation/scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33a71b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
+
+const FIXTURES_DIR = path.join(__dirname, "../fixtures");
+const MANIFEST_FILE = path.join(FIXTURES_DIR, "manifest.json");
+const COVERAGE_FILE = path.join(FIXTURES_DIR, "ROLES_COVERAGE.md");
+
+// The filesystem is the source of truth: every subdirectory of fixtures/
+// with a meta.json is a fixture. This script is the only thing that should
+// ever write manifest.json or ROLES_COVERAGE.md — never hand-edit them.
+
+const fixtureIds = fs
+  .readdirSync(FIXTURES_DIR, { withFileTypes: true })
+  .filter((entry) => entry.isDirectory())
+  .map((entry) => entry.name)
+  .filter((id) => fs.existsSync(path.join(FIXTURES_DIR, id, "meta.json")))
+  .sort();
+
+const manifest = fixtureIds.map((id) => {
+  const dir = path.join(FIXTURES_DIR, id);
+  const meta = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir, "meta.json"), "utf-8"));
+
+  const inputFile = fs.existsSync(path.join(dir, "input.xhtml")) ? "input.xhtml" : "input.html";
+  for (const file of [inputFile, "gnd.json"]) {
+    if (!fs.existsSync(path.join(dir, file))) {
+      throw new Error(`fixtures/${id} is missing ${file}`);
+    }
+  }
+  if (meta.id !== id) {
+    throw new Error(`fixtures/${id}/meta.json has id "${meta.id}", expected "${id}"`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    id,
+    dir: id,
+    role: meta.role,
+    description: meta.description,
+    files: {
+      input: inputFile,
+      gnd: "gnd.json",
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+const ids = manifest.map((e) => e.id);
+const duplicates = ids.filter((id, i) => ids.indexOf(id) !== i);
+if (duplicates.length > 0) {
+  throw new Error(`duplicate fixture ids: ${[...new Set(duplicates)].join(", ")}`);
+}
+
+fs.writeFileSync(MANIFEST_FILE, JSON.stringify(manifest, null, 2) + "\n");
+
+// Flat "what exists" list, grouped only by role — not by any external
+// document's structure. This is not a checklist against roles.md; roles.md
+// was only ever the seed used to originally populate this suite.
+const byRole = new Map();
+for (const entry of manifest) {
+  if (!byRole.has(entry.role)) byRole.set(entry.role, []);
+  byRole.get(entry.role).push(entry);
+}
+
+let coverage = `# Fixture Coverage
+
+Every role currently covered by a fixture in this directory, generated from
+\`fixtures/*/meta.json\` by \`scripts/build-fixtures-manifest.js\` — do not
+hand-edit this file. Run \`npm run generate-fixtures-manifest\` after adding,
+renaming, or removing a fixture.
+
+| Role | Fixtures |
+| --- | --- |
+`;
+
+for (const [role, entries] of [...byRole.entries()].sort((a, b) => a[0].localeCompare(b[0]))) {
+  coverage += `| \`${role}\` | ${entries.map((e) => `\`${e.id}\``).join(", ")} |\n`;
+}
+
+coverage += `\n${manifest.length} fixtures across ${byRole.size} roles.\n`;
+
+fs.writeFileSync(COVERAGE_FILE, coverage);
+
+console.log(`Wrote manifest.json (${manifest.length} fixtures) and ROLES_COVERAGE.md (${byRole.size} roles).`);
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/a11y.ts b/guided-navigation/src/a11y.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..376476d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/a11y.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import { normalizeWhitespace } from "./text.ts";
+import { hasExplicitRole } from "./roles.ts";
+
+function nodeIsHidden(el: Element): boolean {
+  if (el.getAttribute("aria-hidden") === "true") return true;
+  if (el.hasAttribute("hidden")) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+function nodeText(el: Node): string {
+  let text = "";
+  const walk = (n: Node) => {
+    if (n.nodeType === 3 /* TEXT_NODE */) {
+      text += n.nodeValue ?? "";
+    }
+    for (let c = n.firstChild; c; c = c.nextSibling) walk(c);
+  };
+  walk(el);
+  return text;
+}
+
+/** Normalized (whitespace-coalesced and trimmed) text content of a node's subtree. */
+export function normalizedNodeText(el: Node): string {
+  return normalizeWhitespace(nodeText(el), true).trim();
+}
+
+// Same as `nodeText`, skipping descendants with an explicit role — those are
+// walked/spoken separately, so folding their text in here would double it up.
+function nodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(root: Node): string {
+  let text = "";
+  const walk = (n: Node, isRoot: boolean) => {
+    if (n.nodeType === 3 /* TEXT_NODE */) {
+      text += n.nodeValue ?? "";
+      return;
+    }
+    if (n.nodeType === 1 /* ELEMENT_NODE */ && !isRoot && hasExplicitRole(n as Element)) return;
+    for (let c = n.firstChild; c; c = c.nextSibling) walk(c, false);
+  };
+  walk(root, true);
+  return text;
+}
+
+/** Same as `normalizedNodeText`, excluding explicitly-role-bearing descendants. */
+export function normalizedNodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(el: Node): string {
+  return normalizeWhitespace(nodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(el), true).trim();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes the text that becomes a node's `GuidedNavigationObject.description`, and
+ * whether the node is visible in the first place. Follows the AccName
+ * precedence order (https://www.w3.org/TR/accname/#terminology, 2.A-2.D)
+ * for its accessible-name sources, with a non-AccName `aria-describedby`
+ * fallback spliced in between 2.C and 2.D — see that branch below.
+ */
+export function extractNodeAria(el: Element): [string | null, boolean] {
+  // 2.A
+  if (nodeIsHidden(el)) {
+    return [null, false];
+  }
+
+  // 2.B
+  const labelledBy = (el.getAttribute("aria-labelledby") ?? "").trim();
+  if (labelledBy) {
+    const ids = [...new Set(labelledBy.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean))];
+    const doc = el.ownerDocument;
+    const labelNodes = ids
+      .map((id) => doc.getElementById(id))
+      .filter((n): n is HTMLElement => n !== null);
+
+    if (labelNodes.length > 0) {
+      let text = "";
+      labelNodes.forEach((n, i) => {
+        if (nodeIsHidden(n)) return;
+        const label = n.getAttribute("aria-label");
+        text += label ? label : nodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(n);
+        if (i < labelNodes.length - 1) text += " ";
+      });
+      const normalized = normalizeWhitespace(text, true).trim();
+      if (normalized !== "") {
+        return [normalized, true];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 2.C
+  const label = (el.getAttribute("aria-label") ?? "").trim();
+  if (label) {
+    return [label, true];
+  }
+
+  // Not part of the AccName algorithm proper (which computes a name, not a
+  // description) — used here as a fallback source for the Guided Navigation
+  // `description` field specifically, e.g. a <figure aria-describedby="...">
+  // pointing to a longer, possibly hidden, description elsewhere in the document.
+  const describedBy = (el.getAttribute("aria-describedby") ?? "").trim();
+  if (describedBy) {
+    const ids = [...new Set(describedBy.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean))];
+    const nodes = ids
+      .map((id) => el.ownerDocument.getElementById(id))
+      .filter((n): n is HTMLElement => n !== null);
+    if (nodes.length > 0) {
+      const text = nodes.map((n) => nodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(n)).join(" ");
+      const normalized = normalizeWhitespace(text, true).trim();
+      if (normalized !== "") {
+        return [normalized, true];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 2.D (partial support)
+  const tagName = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+  if (tagName === "img") {
+    const alt = (el.getAttribute("alt") ?? "").trim();
+    if (alt) return [alt, true];
+    // 2.I fallback for images: the title attribute
+    const title = (el.getAttribute("title") ?? "").trim();
+    if (title) return [title, true];
+  } else if (tagName === "svg") {
+    // The accessible name of an SVG comes from its <title> child
+    const title = el.querySelector(":scope > title");
+    if (title) {
+      const text = normalizedNodeText(title);
+      if (text) return [text, true];
+    }
+  } else if (tagName === "math") {
+    // MathML Core's spoken-form fallback (not part of the ARIA AccName algorithm)
+    const alttext = (el.getAttribute("alttext") ?? "").trim();
+    if (alttext) return [alttext, true];
+  }
+
+  return [null, true];
+}
+
+const ssmlTags: Record<string, [string, Record<string, string>?]> = {
+  em: ["emphasis"],
+  b: ["emphasis"],
+  i: ["emphasis", { level: "reduced" }],
+  strong: ["emphasis", { level: "strong" }],
+  br: ["break"],
+};
+
+/**
+ * Maps an HTML element to the SSML tag its text should be wrapped in.
+ * https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/#S3.2.2
+ */
+export function convertElementToSSMLTag(
+  tagName: string,
+): [string, Record<string, string>?] {
+  return ssmlTags[tagName] ?? ["", undefined];
+}
+
+/** Elements whose entire subtree carries no user-facing content. */
+export const skippedElements = new Set([
+  "script",
+  "style",
+  "template",
+  "noscript",
+  "textarea",
+  "select",
+  "datalist",
+  "iframe",
+  // Ruby annotations would duplicate the base text when read aloud
+  "rt",
+  "rp",
+  "rtc",
+]);
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/converter.ts b/guided-navigation/src/converter.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..214d92d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/converter.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+import type { GuidedNavigationObject } from "@readium/shared";
+import type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+import { extractNodeRoles, hasExplicitRole } from "./roles.ts";
+import {
+  extractNodeAria,
+  normalizedNodeText,
+  normalizedNodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles,
+  convertElementToSSMLTag,
+  skippedElements,
+} from "./a11y.ts";
+import {
+  type TextBuilder,
+  type SSMLContext,
+  ctxEqual,
+  normalizeWhitespace,
+} from "./text.ts";
+import { ssmlAttrEscape, ssmlTextEscape, startsWithBindingPunct } from "@readium/helpers";
+import { type ObjBuilder, NavObject, isEmptyObj, finalizeToGuidedNavigationObject } from "./object.ts";
+import { type GndMediaType, nodeLanguage, isInlineTag, sniffMediaType } from "./dom.ts";
+import { encodeDomRangeFragment, encodeTextFragmentDirective } from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+import { rootAnchorSelector, selectorForElement, textrefForSelector } from "./selectorGenerator.ts";
+import { generateDomRange } from "./domRangeGenerator.ts";
+import { textFragmentDirectiveFor } from "./textFragmentGenerator.ts";
+import { type GndGenerationOptions, normalizeTextrefOptions } from "./options.ts";
+import { IdAllocator } from "./idAllocator.ts";
+import { prescan as prescanImpl } from "./prescan.ts";
+import { pagebreak, noteref, link } from "./elementHandlers.ts";
+
+const MATHML_NS = "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML";
+
+const TEXT_NODE = 3;
+const ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+
+// These elements are normally treated as inline (text flows through them
+// without opening their own object), but when they carry a role of their own
+// that role shouldn't be silently discarded — they become block elements instead.
+const roleOverridesInline = new Set(["summary", "dfn", "span"]);
+
+function isBlockNode(tagName: string, roles: GndRole[]): boolean {
+  if (roleOverridesInline.has(tagName) && roles.length > 0) return true;
+  return !isInlineTag(tagName);
+}
+
+type SegmentKind = "text" | "break" | "placeholder";
+
+interface Segment {
+  kind: SegmentKind;
+  text?: string;
+  ctx?: SSMLContext;
+  tag?: string;
+  child?: NavObject;
+  candidateID?: string;
+}
+
+/** Walks a DOM subtree, building the Guided Navigation object tree. */
+export class Converter {
+  xmlParsed: boolean;
+  ids = new Map<string, Element>();
+  suppressed = new Set<Element>();
+  idAlloc = new IdAllocator();
+  noterefDepth = 0;
+  allowNode: Element | null = null;
+  selectorPredicate: ((roles: GndRole[]) => boolean) | null = null;
+  // Only meaningful (and safe) when converting a live, already-rendered
+  // element — see TextrefOptions.domRange in options.ts.
+  domRangeEnabled = false;
+  // Unlike domRangeEnabled, safe against a detached parsed document too —
+  // see TextrefOptions.textFragment in options.ts.
+  textFragmentEnabled = false;
+  // See TextrefOptions.roles' leafTextRoleKeyword in options.ts.
+  leafTextEnabled = false;
+  docRoot: Document | null = null;
+  // The live element selectors are climbed relative to — see
+  // selectorGenerator.ts's selectorForElement(). Only set when converting a
+  // live, already-rendered element (same caveat as domRangeEnabled).
+  selectorRoot: Element | null = null;
+  // Prefixed onto every generated selector — see selectorGenerator.ts's rootAnchorSelector().
+  selectorRootAnchor: string | null = null;
+
+  private root = new NavObject();
+  private current = this.root;
+
+  // Captions whose text was already folded into a table's `description` —
+  // only these specific elements go silent, not the whole table (rows/cells
+  // still need their own text).
+  private foldedCaptions = new Set<Element>();
+
+  private segments: Segment[] = [];
+  private textAcc = "";
+  private currentCtx: SSMLContext = { lang: "", tag: "" };
+  private flowEndsWithSpace = true;
+  private pendingChildren: NavObject[] = [];
+
+  // Boundary text nodes of the flow currently being accumulated, for
+  // domRange generation — see text()/resetFlow()/flushText().
+  private flowFirstNode: Text | null = null;
+  private flowFirstOffset = 0;
+  private flowLastNode: Text | null = null;
+  private flowLastOffset = 0;
+  // The boundary nodes of the flow flushText() just flushed, read by tail()
+  // right after calling it to build a domRange for the block it closes.
+  private lastFlowRange: { first: [Text, number]; last: [Text, number] } | null = null;
+  // The plain-text string of the flow flushText() just flushed, read by
+  // tail() right after calling it as the text-fragment candidate text.
+  private lastFlowText: string | null = null;
+
+  constructor(xmlParsed: boolean) {
+    this.xmlParsed = xmlParsed;
+  }
+
+  // A sub-conversion sharing this converter's document-wide state (ids,
+  // suppressed, idAlloc) — for content reached from within the same
+  // document, e.g. a noteref's footnote target. New fields shared this way
+  // belong here, not re-copied at each call site.
+  spawnChild(allowNode: Element, depthDelta = 1): Converter {
+    const child = new Converter(this.xmlParsed);
+    child.ids = this.ids;
+    child.suppressed = this.suppressed;
+    child.idAlloc = this.idAlloc;
+    child.noterefDepth = this.noterefDepth + depthDelta;
+    child.allowNode = allowNode;
+    child.docRoot = this.docRoot;
+    child.selectorRoot = this.selectorRoot;
+    child.selectorRootAnchor = this.selectorRootAnchor;
+    child.selectorPredicate = this.selectorPredicate;
+    child.domRangeEnabled = this.domRangeEnabled;
+    child.textFragmentEnabled = this.textFragmentEnabled;
+    child.leafTextEnabled = this.leafTextEnabled;
+    return child;
+  }
+
+  prescan(root: Element) {
+    prescanImpl(root, this.ids, this.suppressed);
+  }
+
+  // Converts root itself — used when root is meaningful content in its own
+  // right (e.g. a footnote element referenced by a noteref), not just a
+  // structural container.
+  convert(root: Element) {
+    this.prescan(root);
+    this.walk(root);
+    this.flushText();
+  }
+
+  // Converts root's children — used at the top level, where root is always
+  // just the document's <body> (or a fragment's implicit wrapper), never
+  // content of its own.
+  convertChildren(root: Element) {
+    this.prescan(root);
+    for (let c = root.firstChild; c; c = c.nextSibling) this.walk(c);
+    this.flushText();
+  }
+
+  resultBuilders(): ObjBuilder[] {
+    const res = this.root.finalize((el) => textrefForSelector(selectorForElement(el, this.selectorRoot, this.selectorRootAnchor), el));
+    if (!res.children || res.children.length === 0) {
+      if (isEmptyObj(res)) return [];
+      return [res];
+    }
+    return res.children;
+  }
+
+  result(): GuidedNavigationObject[] {
+    return this.resultBuilders().map(finalizeToGuidedNavigationObject);
+  }
+
+  // An explicit-role descendant is content in its own right and skips
+  // inherited `noText` — except `caption`, always the already-folded source.
+  private descend(el: Element, roles: GndRole[]) {
+    const node = new NavObject();
+    node.el = el;
+    node.noText =
+      this.foldedCaptions.has(el) || ((!hasExplicitRole(el) || roles.includes("caption")) && this.current.noText);
+    this.current.children.push(node);
+    this.current.hasChildBlock = true;
+    this.current = node;
+  }
+
+  private appendChild(child: NavObject) {
+    child.noText = this.current.noText;
+    this.current.children.push(child);
+  }
+
+  private walk(node: Node) {
+    if (node.nodeType === TEXT_NODE) {
+      this.text(node);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (node.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE) return;
+    const el = node as Element;
+
+    const parent = this.current;
+    const wasSkip = this.head(el);
+    if (!wasSkip) {
+      for (let c = el.firstChild; c; c = c.nextSibling) this.walk(c);
+    }
+    this.tail(el, wasSkip, parent);
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if children should not be traversed (already handled
+  // wholesale, invisible, or explicitly skipped).
+  private head(el: Element): boolean {
+    const tagName = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+
+    if (skippedElements.has(tagName)) return true;
+    if (this.suppressed.has(el) && el !== this.allowNode) return true;
+
+    const [aria, visible] = extractNodeAria(el);
+    if (!visible && el !== this.allowNode) return true;
+
+    const roles = extractNodeRoles(el);
+
+    if (
+      (tagName === "img" || tagName === "svg") &&
+      (roles.includes("presentation") ||
+        (aria === null && el.hasAttribute("alt") && el.getAttribute("alt")!.trim() === ""))
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (tagName === "br") {
+      if (!this.current.noText) {
+        this.closeSegment();
+        this.segments.push({ kind: "break" });
+        this.flowEndsWithSpace = true;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (roles.includes("pagebreak")) {
+      return !pagebreak(this, el, aria, roles);
+    }
+    if (tagName === "a" && roles.includes("noteref") && el.getAttribute("href")) {
+      noteref(this, el, roles);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (tagName === "a" && el.getAttribute("href")) {
+      // Any other link — backlink/biblioref/glossref, or a plain navigational
+      // link with no specific role (e.g. a TOC entry) — carries its href as
+      // textref. When it's the sole content of its enclosing block (the usual
+      // case for list items), the hoist rule promotes it onto that block;
+      // otherwise it becomes an inline SSML placeholder like any other
+      // embedded object.
+      link(this, el, roles, aria);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (tagName === "img") {
+      const obj: ObjBuilder = { role: roles };
+      const src = el.getAttribute("src");
+      if (src) obj.imgref = src;
+      if (aria) obj.description = aria;
+      this.placeholder(el, "image", obj);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (tagName === "audio" || tagName === "video") {
+      const obj: ObjBuilder = { role: roles };
+      let src = el.getAttribute("src");
+      if (!src) {
+        const source = el.querySelector(":scope > source[src]");
+        if (source) src = source.getAttribute("src");
+      }
+      if (tagName === "audio") {
+        if (src) obj.audioref = src;
+      } else if (src) {
+        obj.videoref = src;
+      }
+      if (aria) obj.description = aria;
+      this.placeholder(el, tagName, obj);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (roles.includes("image") || roles.includes("math")) {
+      // Elements acting as images without being one, e.g. <span role="img">:
+      // their content is replaced by their accessible name.
+      const obj: ObjBuilder = { role: roles };
+      if (aria) obj.description = aria;
+      if (roles.includes("math")) {
+        // MathML is carried as-is in SSML, other math markup as plain text.
+        if (el.namespaceURI === MATHML_NS) {
+          obj.text = { plain: "", ssml: new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(el), language: "" };
+        } else {
+          const text = normalizedNodeText(el);
+          if (text) obj.text = { plain: text, ssml: "", language: "" };
+        }
+        obj.textref = textrefForSelector(selectorForElement(el, this.selectorRoot, this.selectorRootAnchor), el);
+      }
+      this.placeholder(el, roles.includes("math") ? "math" : "image", obj);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!isBlockNode(tagName, roles)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    this.flushText();
+    this.descend(el, roles);
+
+    const cur = this.current.object;
+    if (roles.length > 0) cur.role = roles;
+    if (aria) {
+      cur.description = aria;
+      if (roles.includes("figure")) {
+        this.current.noText = true;
+      }
+    } else if (roles.includes("figure")) {
+      const caption = this.implicitCaptionOf(el);
+      if (caption) {
+        // Not suppressed — walked normally so a nested explicit-role
+        // descendant (e.g. a credit) still speaks.
+        const text = normalizedNodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(caption);
+        if (text) {
+          cur.description = text;
+          this.current.noText = true;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (roles.includes("table")) {
+      const caption = this.implicitCaptionOf(el);
+      if (caption) {
+        const text = normalizedNodeTextExcludingExplicitRoles(caption);
+        if (text) {
+          cur.description = text;
+          this.foldedCaptions.add(caption);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    const id = el.getAttribute("id");
+    if (id) cur.id = id;
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // HTML-AAM implicit name: a table/figure with no explicit ARIA name folds
+  // its native/ARIA caption child's text in as its own description instead
+  // of speaking that child separately.
+  private implicitCaptionOf(el: Element): Element | null {
+    for (let c = el.firstElementChild; c; c = c.nextElementSibling) {
+      if (extractNodeRoles(c).includes("caption") && !c.getAttribute("aria-labelledby")) return c;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private tail(el: Element, wasSkip: boolean, parent: NavObject) {
+    if (wasSkip) return;
+    const tagName = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+    const roles = extractNodeRoles(el);
+    // A descended pagebreak is a placeholder in its parent's flow; head() never opened a block for it.
+    if (roles.includes("pagebreak")) return;
+    if (isBlockNode(tagName, roles)) {
+      this.flushText();
+      // A child block splits el's text into several flows; the last one alone doesn't represent el.
+      if (this.current.hasChildBlock) {
+        this.lastFlowRange = null;
+        this.lastFlowText = null;
+      }
+      const isLeafText = this.leafTextEnabled && roles.length === 0 && !!this.lastFlowText;
+      if (this.selectorPredicate?.(roles) || isLeafText) {
+        this.applyTextref(el);
+      }
+      this.current = parent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sets cur.textref to a reference for el: the base id-or-selector
+  // reference (selectorGenerator.ts), upgraded to a domRange
+  // (domRangeGenerator.ts) when domRangeEnabled and el's own flow just
+  // flushed some text, with a text-fragment directive
+  // (textFragmentGenerator.ts) appended on top when textFragmentEnabled and
+  // el's own flow flushed text with real source-node boundaries (a flow with
+  // no such boundary — e.g. purely synthesized text — has no Range to
+  // generate a fragment from) — each an independent option, applied in this
+  // fixed order regardless of which others are also enabled.
+  private applyTextref(el: Element) {
+    const cur = this.current.object;
+    const selector = selectorForElement(el, this.selectorRoot, this.selectorRootAnchor);
+    cur.textref = textrefForSelector(selector, el);
+
+    if (this.domRangeEnabled && this.lastFlowRange) {
+      const known = selector ? { el, selector } : undefined;
+      const domRange = generateDomRange(this.lastFlowRange, this.selectorRoot, this.selectorRootAnchor, known);
+      if (domRange) cur.textref = encodeDomRangeFragment({ ...domRange, container: selector });
+    }
+
+    if (this.textFragmentEnabled && this.lastFlowRange && this.docRoot) {
+      const range = this.docRoot.createRange();
+      range.setStart(...this.lastFlowRange.first);
+      range.setEnd(...this.lastFlowRange.last);
+      const directive = textFragmentDirectiveFor(range);
+      if (directive) cur.textref = `${cur.textref ?? "#"}${encodeTextFragmentDirective(directive)}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private text(node: Node) {
+    if (this.current.noText) return;
+    const data = node.nodeValue ?? "";
+    if (/^\s*$/.test(data)) {
+      if (this.textAcc.length > 0 || this.segments.length > 0) {
+        this.textAcc += normalizeWhitespace(data, this.flowEndsWithSpace);
+        this.updateFlowSpace();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const ctx = this.textContext(node);
+    if (!ctxEqual(ctx, this.currentCtx)) {
+      this.closeSegment();
+      this.currentCtx = ctx;
+    }
+    this.textAcc += normalizeWhitespace(data, this.flowEndsWithSpace);
+    this.updateFlowSpace();
+
+    if (this.domRangeEnabled || this.textFragmentEnabled) {
+      const text = node as Text;
+      if (this.flowFirstNode === null) {
+        this.flowFirstNode = text;
+        this.flowFirstOffset = data.search(/\S/);
+      }
+      this.flowLastNode = text;
+      this.flowLastOffset = data.length - (data.match(/\s+$/)?.[0].length ?? 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private textContext(node: Node): SSMLContext {
+    const ctx: SSMLContext = { lang: nodeLanguage(node.parentElement), tag: "" };
+    for (let p = node.parentElement; p && p !== this.current.el; p = p.parentElement) {
+      const [tag, attrs] = convertElementToSSMLTag(p.tagName.toLowerCase());
+      if (tag && tag !== "break") {
+        ctx.tag = tag;
+        ctx.attrs = attrs;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return ctx;
+  }
+
+  private updateFlowSpace() {
+    if (this.textAcc.length > 0) {
+      this.flowEndsWithSpace = this.textAcc.endsWith(" ");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private closeSegment() {
+    if (this.textAcc.length === 0) return;
+    this.segments.push({ kind: "text", text: this.textAcc, ctx: this.currentCtx });
+    this.textAcc = "";
+  }
+
+  private resetFlow() {
+    this.segments = [];
+    this.textAcc = "";
+    this.currentCtx = { lang: "", tag: "" };
+    this.flowEndsWithSpace = true;
+    this.pendingChildren = [];
+    this.flowFirstNode = null;
+    this.flowFirstOffset = 0;
+    this.flowLastNode = null;
+    this.flowLastOffset = 0;
+  }
+
+  placeholder(el: Element, tag: string, object: ObjBuilder, candidateID?: string) {
+    if (isEmptyObj(object)) return;
+    const child = new NavObject();
+    child.el = el;
+    child.object = object;
+    if (this.current.noText) {
+      this.appendChild(child);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.closeSegment();
+    this.pendingChildren.push(child);
+    this.segments.push({
+      kind: "placeholder",
+      tag,
+      child,
+      candidateID: candidateID ?? el.getAttribute("id") ?? undefined,
+    });
+    this.flowEndsWithSpace = false;
+  }
+
+  private flushText() {
+    this.closeSegment();
+    let segments = this.segments;
+    const pending = this.pendingChildren;
+    const flowFirstNode = this.flowFirstNode;
+    const flowFirstOffset = this.flowFirstOffset;
+    const flowLastNode = this.flowLastNode;
+    const flowLastOffset = this.flowLastOffset;
+    this.resetFlow();
+    this.lastFlowRange = null;
+    this.lastFlowText = null;
+
+    if (segments.length === 0) return;
+
+    // Trim the edges of the flow.
+    while (segments.length > 0) {
+      const seg = segments[0];
+      if (seg.kind === "break") {
+        segments = segments.slice(1);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (seg.kind === "text") {
+        const trimmed = seg.text!.replace(/^\s+/, "");
+        if (trimmed === "") {
+          segments = segments.slice(1);
+          continue;
+        }
+        segments = [{ ...seg, text: trimmed }, ...segments.slice(1)];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    while (segments.length > 0) {
+      const seg = segments[segments.length - 1];
+      if (seg.kind === "break") {
+        segments = segments.slice(0, -1);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (seg.kind === "text") {
+        const trimmed = seg.text!.replace(/\s+$/, "");
+        if (trimmed === "") {
+          segments = segments.slice(0, -1);
+          continue;
+        }
+        segments = [...segments.slice(0, -1), { ...seg, text: trimmed }];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const hasText = segments.some((s) => s.kind === "text" && s.text!.trim() !== "");
+    if (!hasText) {
+      for (const child of pending) this.appendChild(child);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const textLangs: string[] = [];
+    for (const seg of segments) {
+      if (seg.kind === "text" && seg.text!.trim() !== "") {
+        const lang = seg.ctx!.lang;
+        if (!textLangs.includes(lang)) textLangs.push(lang);
+      }
+    }
+    let baseLang = nodeLanguage(this.current.el ?? null);
+    if (textLangs.length === 1 && textLangs[0] !== "") {
+      baseLang = textLangs[0];
+    }
+
+    let needSSML = false;
+    for (const seg of segments) {
+      if (seg.kind !== "text" || seg.ctx!.tag !== "" || seg.ctx!.lang !== baseLang) {
+        needSSML = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Default to English when an SSML representation is required (mixed
+    // formatting, embedded objects, or a language shift) but no explicit
+    // language was declared anywhere in the document.
+    if (needSSML && baseLang === "") {
+      baseLang = "en";
+    }
+
+    if (needSSML) {
+      for (const seg of segments) {
+        if (seg.kind !== "placeholder") continue;
+        let id = seg.candidateID;
+        if (!id || !this.idAlloc.claim(id)) {
+          id = this.idAlloc.allocate(seg.tag!, (candidate) => this.ids.has(candidate));
+        }
+        seg.child!.object.id = id;
+      }
+    }
+
+    let plainB = "";
+    let prevTrail = false;
+    let sawBreak = false;
+    let sawPlaceholder = false;
+    let midSpace = false;
+    for (const seg of segments) {
+      if (seg.kind === "text") {
+        const lead = seg.text!.startsWith(" ");
+        const t = seg.text!.replace(/^ +| +$/g, "");
+        if (t === "") {
+          midSpace = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        let join = false;
+        if (plainB.length > 0) {
+          const spaced = prevTrail || midSpace || lead;
+          if (sawBreak) join = true;
+          else if (sawPlaceholder) join = spaced && !startsWithBindingPunct(t);
+          else join = spaced;
+        }
+        if (join) plainB += " ";
+        plainB += t;
+        prevTrail = seg.text!.endsWith(" ");
+        sawBreak = false;
+        sawPlaceholder = false;
+        midSpace = false;
+      } else if (seg.kind === "break") {
+        sawBreak = true;
+      } else if (seg.kind === "placeholder") {
+        sawPlaceholder = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Plain text is only worth keeping alongside SSML when it diverges from
+    // what stripping tags from the SSML would produce — i.e. when a
+    // placeholder (an embedded reference) was dropped from it. A pure
+    // formatting/language shift with no embedded objects makes plain text a
+    // redundant, mechanical derivative of the SSML, so it's left out.
+    const hasPlaceholder = segments.some((s) => s.kind === "placeholder");
+    this.lastFlowText = plainB.trim();
+    const text: TextBuilder = {
+      plain: needSSML && !hasPlaceholder ? "" : plainB.trim(),
+      ssml: "",
+      language: baseLang,
+    };
+
+    if (needSSML) {
+      let sb = "";
+      for (const seg of segments) {
+        if (seg.kind === "text") {
+          let tag = seg.ctx!.tag;
+          let attrs = seg.ctx!.attrs;
+          if (seg.ctx!.lang !== baseLang && seg.ctx!.lang !== "") {
+            // A language shift takes priority over whatever SSML tag the
+            // shifting element would otherwise map to.
+            tag = "lang";
+            attrs = undefined;
+          }
+          if (tag) {
+            sb += `<${tag}`;
+            for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(attrs ?? {})) {
+              sb += ` ${k}="${ssmlAttrEscape(v)}"`;
+            }
+            if (seg.ctx!.lang !== baseLang && seg.ctx!.lang !== "") {
+              sb += ` xml:lang="${ssmlAttrEscape(seg.ctx!.lang)}"`;
+            }
+            sb += `>${ssmlTextEscape(seg.text!)}</${tag}>`;
+          } else {
+            sb += ssmlTextEscape(seg.text!);
+          }
+        } else if (seg.kind === "break") {
+          sb += "<break/>";
+        } else if (seg.kind === "placeholder") {
+          sb += `<readium:${seg.tag} id="${ssmlAttrEscape(seg.child!.object.id!)}" />`;
+        }
+      }
+      text.ssml = sb;
+    }
+
+    const textObj = new NavObject();
+    textObj.object = { text };
+    for (const child of pending) {
+      textObj.children.push(child);
+    }
+    this.appendChild(textObj);
+
+    if (flowFirstNode && flowLastNode) {
+      this.lastFlowRange = { first: [flowFirstNode, flowFirstOffset], last: [flowLastNode, flowLastOffset] };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// A DOM <body> only counts as real content when the input actually wrote
+// one — text/html parsing synthesizes a <body> around any fragment
+// regardless of what was passed in, and that synthesized wrapper was
+// never "in the input" just because the parser added it.
+const BODY_TAG_RE = /<body[\s>]/i;
+
+/**
+ * Converts an HTML or XHTML fragment or document into Guided Navigation
+ * objects.
+ *
+ * Given a string, `input` is parsed into a detached document that's never
+ * seen again — `options.textrefs.domRange` has nothing to resolve back
+ * against there, so it's ignored. Reflects exactly the input it's given: a
+ * real, author-written <body> becomes its own role: ["body"] node like any
+ * other element; a <body> synthesized only by text/html parsing around a
+ * bodyless fragment is not content and is skipped through; a bodyless XHTML
+ * fragment's root element is itself the content. Malformed XHTML throws,
+ * unless `options.htmlFallback` re-parses it as text/html.
+ *
+ * Given a live, already-rendered element instead, it's converted in place —
+ * no parsing, no detached copy — so `domRange` can pinpoint exact text
+ * nodes a DOM-highlighting consumer can resolve straight back against that
+ * same document.
+ */
+export function parseMarkup(
+  input: string | Element,
+  mediaType?: GndMediaType,
+  options?: GndGenerationOptions,
+): GuidedNavigationObject[] {
+  const { predicate, leafText, domRange, textFragment } = normalizeTextrefOptions(options?.textrefs);
+
+  if (typeof input !== "string") {
+    const mt = mediaType ?? (input.ownerDocument.contentType === "text/html" ? "text/html" : "application/xhtml+xml");
+    const converter = new Converter(mt === "application/xhtml+xml");
+    converter.selectorPredicate = predicate;
+    converter.leafTextEnabled = leafText;
+    converter.domRangeEnabled = domRange;
+    converter.textFragmentEnabled = textFragment;
+    converter.docRoot = input.ownerDocument;
+    converter.selectorRoot = input;
+    converter.selectorRootAnchor = rootAnchorSelector(input);
+    converter.convert(input);
+    return converter.result();
+  }
+
+  let mt = mediaType ?? sniffMediaType(input);
+  let doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(input, mt);
+  if (mt === "application/xhtml+xml") {
+    const error = doc.getElementsByTagNameNS("*", "parsererror")[0];
+    if (error) {
+      if (!options?.htmlFallback) {
+        throw new Error(`XHTML parsing failed: ${error.textContent?.trim() ?? ""}`);
+      }
+      mt = "text/html";
+      doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(input, mt);
+    }
+  }
+  const converter = new Converter(mt === "application/xhtml+xml");
+  converter.selectorPredicate = predicate;
+  converter.leafTextEnabled = leafText;
+  converter.textFragmentEnabled = textFragment;
+  converter.docRoot = doc;
+  const body = doc.querySelector("body");
+  if (body && !BODY_TAG_RE.test(input)) {
+    converter.convertChildren(body);
+  } else {
+    converter.convert(body ?? doc.documentElement);
+  }
+  return converter.result();
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/dom.ts b/guided-navigation/src/dom.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cb0e02b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/dom.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+const ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+
+export function nodeLanguage(el: Element | null): string {
+  for (let n: Element | null = el; n; n = n.parentElement) {
+    const xmlLang = n.getAttribute("xml:lang");
+    if (xmlLang) return xmlLang;
+    const lang = n.getAttribute("lang");
+    if (lang) return lang;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
+export function hasElementChild(el: Element): boolean {
+  for (let c = el.firstChild; c; c = c.nextSibling) {
+    if (c.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+export function isAncestorOf(anc: Element, n: Element): boolean {
+  for (let p: Element | null = n; p; p = p.parentElement) {
+    if (p === anc) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// From jsoup, everything except "device":
+// https://github.com/jhy/jsoup/blob/0b10d516ed8f907f8fb4acb9a0806137a8988d45/src/main/java/org/jsoup/parser/Tag.java#L243
+const inlineTags = new Set([
+  "object", "base", "font", "tt", "i", "b", "u", "big", "small", "em", "strong",
+  "dfn", "code", "samp", "kbd", "var", "cite", "abbr", "time", "acronym",
+  "mark", "ruby", "rt", "rp", "rtc", "a", "img", "br", "wbr", "map", "q",
+  "sub", "sup", "bdo", "iframe", "embed", "span", "input", "select",
+  "textarea", "label", "button", "optgroup", "option", "legend", "datalist",
+  "keygen", "output", "progress", "meter", "area", "param", "source",
+  "track", "summary", "command", "basefont", "bgsound", "menuitem", "data",
+  "bdi", "s", "strike", "nobr", "rb",
+]);
+
+export function isInlineTag(tagName: string): boolean {
+  return inlineTags.has(tagName);
+}
+
+export type GndMediaType = "text/html" | "application/xhtml+xml";
+
+export function sniffMediaType(input: string): GndMediaType {
+  const head = input.slice(0, 500);
+  if (
+    /<\?xml\b/.test(head) ||
+    /xmlns:epub=/.test(head) ||
+    /DOCTYPE\s+html\s+PUBLIC\s+"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD XHTML/i.test(head)
+  ) {
+    return "application/xhtml+xml";
+  }
+  return "text/html";
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/domRangeGenerator.ts b/guided-navigation/src/domRangeGenerator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68294536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/domRangeGenerator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Builds a Locator DomRange for TextrefOptions.domRange — see
+// Converter.applyTextref in converter.ts.
+import type { DomRangeJSON } from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+import { selectorForElement } from "./selectorGenerator.ts";
+
+const TEXT_NODE = 3;
+
+// A DomRangePoint's textNodeIndex counts only among container's Text-node
+// children, per the Locator HTML extension spec.
+function textNodeIndexAmongChildren(container: Element, target: Text): number {
+  let idx = 0;
+  for (const child of Array.from(container.childNodes)) {
+    if (child === target) return idx;
+    if (child.nodeType === TEXT_NODE) idx++;
+  }
+  return idx;
+}
+
+// A selector already computed for `el` elsewhere (applyTextref's own base
+// textref) — reused instead of recomputed when a range point's container
+// turns out to be that same element.
+export interface KnownSelector {
+  el: Element;
+  selector: string;
+}
+
+function domRangePoint(
+  node: Text,
+  offset: number,
+  selectorRoot: Element | null,
+  rootAnchor: string | null,
+  known: KnownSelector | undefined,
+): DomRangeJSON["start"] | undefined {
+  const container = node.parentElement;
+  if (!container) return undefined;
+  const cssSelector =
+    known && container === known.el ? known.selector : selectorForElement(container, selectorRoot, rootAnchor);
+  if (!cssSelector) return undefined;
+  return { cssSelector, textNodeIndex: textNodeIndexAmongChildren(container, node), charOffset: offset };
+}
+
+// Builds a Locator DomRange pinpointing range's exact start/end text nodes
+// and character offsets, not just the containing element — only meaningful
+// against a live, already-rendered document (see TextrefOptions.domRange).
+export function generateDomRange(
+  range: { first: [Text, number]; last: [Text, number] },
+  selectorRoot: Element | null,
+  rootAnchor: string | null,
+  known?: KnownSelector,
+): DomRangeJSON | undefined {
+  const start = domRangePoint(...range.first, selectorRoot, rootAnchor, known);
+  if (!start) return undefined;
+  const end = domRangePoint(...range.last, selectorRoot, rootAnchor, known);
+  return end ? { start, end } : { start };
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/elementHandlers.ts b/guided-navigation/src/elementHandlers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9f7db23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/elementHandlers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Handlers for element kinds that build one placeholder ObjBuilder each
+// (pagebreak/noteref/link), calling back into the converter for
+// placeholder() and, for noteref's footnote embedding, convert()/resultBuilders()
+// on a sub-Converter of its own.
+import type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+import { normalizedNodeText } from "./a11y.ts";
+import { textIsEmpty } from "./text.ts";
+import { type ObjBuilder, ariaSubstitutedBuilders, substitutedOwnSelectorBuilders } from "./object.ts";
+import { hasElementChild, isAncestorOf } from "./dom.ts";
+import { Converter } from "./converter.ts";
+import { selectorForElement, textrefForSelector } from "./selectorGenerator.ts";
+
+// Returns true if el's children should still be descended into (a
+// pagebreak with element children of its own, in HTML parsing).
+export function pagebreak(converter: Converter, el: Element, aria: string | null, roles: GndRole[]): boolean {
+  const obj: ObjBuilder = { role: roles };
+  const title = (el.getAttribute("title") ?? "").trim();
+  if (title) {
+    obj.text = { plain: title, ssml: "", language: "" };
+  } else if (aria) {
+    obj.text = { plain: aria, ssml: "", language: "" };
+    ariaSubstitutedBuilders.add(obj);
+  }
+  const labelled = !!(obj.text && !textIsEmpty(obj.text));
+  const descend = !converter.xmlParsed && (hasElementChild(el) || (labelled && el.firstChild !== null));
+  if (!labelled && !descend) {
+    const text = normalizedNodeText(el);
+    if (text) obj.text = { plain: text, ssml: "", language: "" };
+  }
+  const selector = selectorForElement(el, converter.selectorRoot, converter.selectorRootAnchor);
+  const textref = textrefForSelector(selector, el);
+  if (textref) obj.textref = textref;
+  converter.placeholder(el, "pagebreak", obj);
+  return descend;
+}
+
+export function noteref(converter: Converter, el: Element, roles: GndRole[]): void {
+  const obj: ObjBuilder = { role: roles };
+  const text = normalizedNodeText(el);
+  if (text) obj.text = { plain: text, ssml: "", language: "" };
+
+  const href = el.getAttribute("href") ?? "";
+  let candidateID = el.getAttribute("id") ?? "";
+  if (!candidateID && href.startsWith("#")) {
+    // A target still output at its own location keeps its id there.
+    const target = converter.ids.get(href.slice(1));
+    if (!target || converter.suppressed.has(target)) candidateID = href.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  if (href.startsWith("#")) {
+    const fragment = href.slice(1);
+    const target = converter.ids.get(fragment);
+    if (target && !isAncestorOf(target, el) && converter.noterefDepth < 3) {
+      const sub = converter.spawnChild(target);
+      sub.convert(target);
+      const children = sub.resultBuilders();
+      if (children.length > 0) {
+        // The target's own id already carries its meaning via this
+        // noteref's own id — repeating it on the embedded content would
+        // be redundant.
+        for (const c of children) delete c.id;
+        obj.children = children;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!obj.children && href) {
+    obj.children = [{ textref: href }];
+  }
+
+  converter.placeholder(el, "noteref", obj, candidateID || undefined);
+}
+
+export function link(converter: Converter, el: Element, roles: GndRole[], aria: string | null): void {
+  const obj: ObjBuilder = {};
+  if (roles.length > 0) obj.role = roles;
+  if (aria) {
+    obj.text = { plain: aria, ssml: "", language: "" };
+    ariaSubstitutedBuilders.add(obj);
+    const selector = selectorForElement(el, converter.selectorRoot, converter.selectorRootAnchor);
+    if (selector) substitutedOwnSelectorBuilders.set(obj, selector);
+  } else {
+    const text = normalizedNodeText(el);
+    if (text) obj.text = { plain: text, ssml: "", language: "" };
+  }
+  const href = el.getAttribute("href");
+  if (href) obj.textref = href;
+  converter.placeholder(el, roles[0] ?? "link", obj);
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/idAllocator.ts b/guided-navigation/src/idAllocator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ae60bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/idAllocator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Allocates/claims ids for SSML placeholders (<readium:noteref id="..." />
+// and friends), shared across sub-Converters — see Converter.idAlloc.
+export class IdAllocator {
+  private claimed = new Set<string>();
+  private counters = new Map<string, number>();
+
+  // `isTaken` additionally excludes ids already in use elsewhere (e.g. a
+  // real author-written id in the document) that this allocator has no way
+  // of knowing about on its own.
+  allocate(prefix: string, isTaken: (id: string) => boolean): string {
+    for (;;) {
+      const n = (this.counters.get(prefix) ?? 0) + 1;
+      this.counters.set(prefix, n);
+      const id = `${prefix}${n}`;
+      if (isTaken(id) || this.claimed.has(id)) continue;
+      this.claimed.add(id);
+      return id;
+    }
+  }
+
+  claim(id: string): boolean {
+    if (this.claimed.has(id)) return false;
+    this.claimed.add(id);
+    return true;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/index.ts b/guided-navigation/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7364cf80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+export type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+export { makeGnd } from "./makeGnd.ts";
+export { parseMarkup } from "./converter.ts";
+export type { GndMediaType } from "./dom.ts";
+export type { GndGenerationOptions, TextrefOptions } from "./options.ts";
+export {
+  encodeCssSelectorFragment,
+  decodeCssSelectorFragment,
+  encodeDomRangeFragment,
+  decodeDomRangeFragment,
+  decodeTextref,
+  combineDomRangeTextrefs,
+} from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+export type { DomRangeJSON, DecodedTextref } from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+export { isAriaSubstituted, substitutedOwnSelector } from "./object.ts";
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/makeGnd.ts b/guided-navigation/src/makeGnd.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec7bb113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/makeGnd.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { GuidedNavigationDocument } from "@readium/shared";
+import { parseMarkup } from "./converter.ts";
+import type { GndMediaType } from "./dom.ts";
+import type { GndGenerationOptions } from "./options.ts";
+
+export type { GndMediaType };
+
+/**
+ * Builds a Guided Navigation document from an HTML or XHTML fragment or
+ * document, following https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation.
+ * Returns undefined when the input has no navigable content, as `guided` can't be empty.
+ */
+export function makeGnd(
+  input: string | Element,
+  mediaType?: GndMediaType,
+  options?: GndGenerationOptions,
+): GuidedNavigationDocument | undefined {
+  const guided = parseMarkup(input, mediaType, options);
+  return guided.length > 0 ? new GuidedNavigationDocument({ guided }) : undefined;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/object.ts b/guided-navigation/src/object.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62bd8382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/object.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import { GuidedNavigationDescription, GuidedNavigationObject, GuidedNavigationText } from "@readium/shared";
+import type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+import { type TextBuilder, textIsEmpty, finalizeText } from "./text.ts";
+
+export interface ObjBuilder {
+  id?: string;
+  audioref?: string;
+  imgref?: string;
+  textref?: string;
+  videoref?: string;
+  text?: TextBuilder;
+  role?: GndRole[];
+  children?: ObjBuilder[];
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+// Roles whose entire information is the role itself, with no ref/text/
+// children to otherwise survive on: `math` has no ref field of its own
+// (unlike audio/image/video, it names no external resource), and
+// `separator` (e.g. `<hr>`) is content-free by design.
+const contentFreeRoles: readonly GndRole[] = ["math", "separator"];
+
+// Marks text substituted from aria-label/aria-labelledby rather than the
+// element's own content — the Node set mirrors the Builder one across finalizeToGuidedNavigationObject().
+export const ariaSubstitutedBuilders = new WeakSet<ObjBuilder>();
+const ariaSubstitutedNodes = new WeakSet<GuidedNavigationObject>();
+
+// A substituted link's own CSS selector — its `textref` is its href, which
+// never resolves to an on-page location, so this is its fallback box (set only by link()).
+export const substitutedOwnSelectorBuilders = new WeakMap<ObjBuilder, string>();
+const substitutedOwnSelectorNodes = new WeakMap<GuidedNavigationObject, string>();
+
+// Only objects produced by this module's parseMarkup()/makeGnd() carry this; an object deserialized from JSON never does.
+export function isAriaSubstituted(node: GuidedNavigationObject): boolean {
+  return ariaSubstitutedNodes.has(node);
+}
+
+export function substitutedOwnSelector(node: GuidedNavigationObject): string | undefined {
+  return substitutedOwnSelectorNodes.get(node);
+}
+
+export function isEmptyObj(o: ObjBuilder): boolean {
+  if (o.role?.some((role) => contentFreeRoles.includes(role))) return false;
+  return (
+    !o.audioref &&
+    !o.imgref &&
+    !o.textref &&
+    !o.videoref &&
+    (!o.text || textIsEmpty(o.text)) &&
+    !(o.children && o.children.length > 0) &&
+    !o.description
+  );
+}
+
+// A transparent wrapper (e.g. a plain <div>) carrying no information of its
+// own besides its children — spliced into the parent's children.
+function isChildrenOnly(o: ObjBuilder): boolean {
+  return (
+    !o.audioref &&
+    !o.imgref &&
+    !o.textref &&
+    !o.videoref &&
+    (!o.text || textIsEmpty(o.text)) &&
+    !!(o.children && o.children.length > 0) &&
+    !(o.role && o.role.length > 0) &&
+    !o.id &&
+    !o.description
+  );
+}
+
+// A lone child with no role/id/ref of its own: its text is hoisted into the
+// parent object directly, e.g. a paragraph wrapping plain emphasis becomes
+// {role, text} rather than nesting an anonymous child. A child carrying its
+// own ref (e.g. an <a href>'s textref) is never hoisted — refs identify a
+// distinct target and merging them into the parent would silently discard
+// whichever of the two textrefs isn't kept.
+function isHoistable(o: ObjBuilder): boolean {
+  return (
+    !(o.role && o.role.length > 0) &&
+    !o.id &&
+    !o.description &&
+    !o.textref &&
+    !o.imgref &&
+    !o.audioref &&
+    !o.videoref
+  );
+}
+
+/** A node being built up during the tree walk, before its final shape is known. */
+export class NavObject {
+  el?: Element;
+  object: ObjBuilder = {};
+  children: NavObject[] = [];
+  noText = false;
+  hasChildBlock = false;
+
+  // `selfTextref` references this object's own element, for objects that would otherwise lack the schema's required content.
+  finalize(selfTextref?: (el: Element) => string | undefined): ObjBuilder {
+    const result = this.object;
+    const finalChildren: ObjBuilder[] = [];
+    for (const child of this.children) {
+      const res = child.finalize(selfTextref);
+      if (isEmptyObj(res)) continue;
+      if (isChildrenOnly(res)) {
+        finalChildren.push(...(res.children ?? []));
+        continue;
+      }
+      finalChildren.push(res);
+    }
+    if (finalChildren.length > 0) result.children = finalChildren;
+
+    // A wrapper whose own role is entirely redundant with its sole child's
+    // role (e.g. <dt><dfn>term</dfn></dt> naming one term twice) sheds that
+    // role — the child already carries it. Excludes "presentation": unlike
+    // every other role, it cascades from an ancestor onto real structural
+    // descendants (HTML-AAM's presentational-table rule) rather than
+    // marking the same entity twice, so identical nesting there is genuine.
+    if (result.role?.length && result.children?.length === 1 && !result.role.includes("presentation")) {
+      const child = result.children[0];
+      if (child.role?.length && result.role.every((role) => child.role!.includes(role))) {
+        delete result.role;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Hoist a lone child with no role/id/ref into the object itself: its text
+    // merges directly into the parent, e.g. a paragraph wrapping plain
+    // emphasis becomes {role, text} instead of nesting an anonymous child.
+    if ((!result.text || textIsEmpty(result.text)) && result.children?.length === 1) {
+      const child = result.children[0];
+      if (isHoistable(child)) {
+        if (child.text) result.text = child.text;
+        result.children = child.children;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.el && selfTextref && !isEmptyObj(result) && !hasRequiredContent(result)) {
+      const textref = selfTextref(this.el);
+      if (textref) result.textref = textref;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+// The Guided Navigation schema requires at least one ref, a non-empty text, or children.
+function hasRequiredContent(o: ObjBuilder): boolean {
+  return (
+    !!o.audioref ||
+    !!o.imgref ||
+    !!o.textref ||
+    !!o.videoref ||
+    !!(o.text && (o.text.plain !== "" || o.text.ssml !== "")) ||
+    !!(o.children && o.children.length > 0)
+  );
+}
+
+export function finalizeToGuidedNavigationObject(o: ObjBuilder): GuidedNavigationObject {
+  const node = new GuidedNavigationObject({
+    id: o.id || undefined,
+    textref: o.textref || undefined,
+    imgref: o.imgref || undefined,
+    audioref: o.audioref || undefined,
+    videoref: o.videoref || undefined,
+    text: finalizeText(o.text),
+    role: o.role && o.role.length > 0 ? new Set(o.role) : undefined,
+    children: o.children && o.children.length > 0 ? o.children.map(finalizeToGuidedNavigationObject) : undefined,
+    description: o.description
+      ? new GuidedNavigationDescription({ text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: o.description }) })
+      : undefined,
+  });
+  if (ariaSubstitutedBuilders.has(o)) ariaSubstitutedNodes.add(node);
+  const ownSelector = substitutedOwnSelectorBuilders.get(o);
+  if (ownSelector) substitutedOwnSelectorNodes.set(node, ownSelector);
+  return node;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/options.ts b/guided-navigation/src/options.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3cf40f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/options.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+
+// Not a GND role, never written to a node's `role` — an opt-in keyword for
+// the `roles` array, matching a roleless block that owns its own leaf text
+// (e.g. a <div> used where a <p> would normally go).
+export const leafTextRoleKeyword = "leaf-text";
+
+export interface TextrefOptions {
+  // Which roles get a generated textref reference. `true` covers every node
+  // that gets a role; an array restricts generation to just those roles.
+  // Either form may also include/be leafTextRoleKeyword to cover roleless
+  // leaf-text blocks too.
+  roles?: boolean | GndRole[];
+  // Also compute a DomRange (textNodeIndex/charOffset) alongside the CSS
+  // selector, for exact (not css-selector-only) DOM addressing. Requires
+  // converting a live, already-rendered element (see Converter.convert) —
+  // a domRange computed against parseMarkup()'s detached document can't be
+  // resolved back against whatever later renders the resource, so it's a
+  // no-op there.
+  domRange?: boolean;
+  // Also append a WICG Text Fragment (":~:text=...") directive when the
+  // node's own text can be found uniquely (or made unique with bounded
+  // surrounding context) across the whole document. Unlike domRange, this
+  // only needs the document's text content, so it works against
+  // parseMarkup()'s detached document too, not just a live element.
+  textFragment?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface GndGenerationOptions {
+  // Generates a reference (see textrefFragment.ts) into textref for
+  // nodes as they're converted. Off by default — selector generation has a
+  // real compute cost.
+  textrefs?: boolean | GndRole[] | TextrefOptions;
+  // Re-parse string input as text/html when XHTML parsing fails, instead of
+  // throwing.
+  htmlFallback?: boolean;
+}
+
+function normalizeRoles(opt: boolean | GndRole[] | undefined): ((roles: GndRole[]) => boolean) | null {
+  if (opt === true) return (roles) => roles.length > 0;
+  if (Array.isArray(opt) && opt.length > 0) {
+    const set = new Set(opt.filter((r) => r !== leafTextRoleKeyword));
+    return (roles) => roles.some((r) => set.has(r));
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function wantsLeafText(opt: boolean | GndRole[] | undefined): boolean {
+  return opt === true || (Array.isArray(opt) && opt.includes(leafTextRoleKeyword));
+}
+
+export interface NormalizedTextrefOptions {
+  predicate: ((roles: GndRole[]) => boolean) | null;
+  leafText: boolean;
+  domRange: boolean;
+  textFragment: boolean;
+}
+
+function isTextrefOptions(
+  opt: GndGenerationOptions["textrefs"],
+): opt is TextrefOptions {
+  return !!opt && typeof opt === "object" && !Array.isArray(opt);
+}
+
+export function normalizeTextrefOptions(
+  opt: GndGenerationOptions["textrefs"],
+): NormalizedTextrefOptions {
+  if (isTextrefOptions(opt)) {
+    return {
+      predicate: normalizeRoles(opt.roles),
+      leafText: wantsLeafText(opt.roles),
+      domRange: !!opt.domRange,
+      textFragment: !!opt.textFragment,
+    };
+  }
+  return { predicate: normalizeRoles(opt), leafText: wantsLeafText(opt), domRange: false, textFragment: false };
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/prescan.ts b/guided-navigation/src/prescan.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59d5aea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/prescan.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { extractNodeRoles } from "./roles.ts";
+import { isAncestorOf } from "./dom.ts";
+
+function hasEndnotesAncestor(el: Element): boolean {
+  for (let p: Element | null = el.parentElement; p; p = p.parentElement) {
+    if (extractNodeRoles(p).includes("endnotes")) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// One pass over root before the real walk: records every element's own id
+// (for noteref/pagebreak href resolution), and suppresses a noteref's
+// target from also appearing at its original location.
+export function prescan(root: Element, ids: Map<string, Element>, suppressed: Set<Element>): void {
+  const noterefTargets: { id: string; ref: Element }[] = [];
+  const walk = (n: Element, hidden: boolean) => {
+    const id = n.getAttribute("id");
+    if (id && !ids.has(id)) ids.set(id, n);
+    hidden = hidden || n.getAttribute("aria-hidden") === "true" || n.hasAttribute("hidden");
+    if (!hidden && n.tagName.toLowerCase() === "a") {
+      const roles = extractNodeRoles(n);
+      if (roles.includes("noteref")) {
+        const href = n.getAttribute("href") ?? "";
+        if (href.startsWith("#")) {
+          noterefTargets.push({ id: href.slice(1), ref: n });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    for (let c = n.firstElementChild; c; c = c.nextElementSibling) walk(c, hidden);
+  };
+  walk(root, false);
+
+  for (const target of noterefTargets) {
+    const n = ids.get(target.id);
+    if (!n) continue;
+    if (isAncestorOf(n, target.ref)) continue;
+    if (hasEndnotesAncestor(n)) continue;
+    suppressed.add(n);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/roles.ts b/guided-navigation/src/roles.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c643ed9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/roles.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+import type { GndRole } from "./types.ts";
+
+// https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/schema/roles.schema.json
+// `sequence` is intentionally omitted: it has no documented HTML/ARIA/epub:type
+// mapping anywhere in the spec or its examples.
+
+const headingRoles: GndRole[] = [
+  "heading1",
+  "heading2",
+  "heading3",
+  "heading4",
+  "heading5",
+  "heading6",
+];
+
+const ariaRoles: Record<string, GndRole> = {
+  "doc-abstract": "abstract",
+  "doc-acknowledgments": "acknowledgments",
+  "doc-afterword": "afterword",
+  "doc-appendix": "appendix",
+  article: "article",
+  "doc-backlink": "backlink",
+  "doc-biblioentry": "listItem", // Deprecated in DPUB-ARIA 1.1
+  "doc-bibliography": "bibliography",
+  "doc-biblioref": "biblioref",
+  blockquote: "blockquote",
+  caption: "caption",
+  cell: "cell",
+  "doc-chapter": "chapter",
+  "doc-colophon": "colophon",
+  columnheader: "columnheader",
+  complementary: "complementary",
+  "doc-conclusion": "conclusion",
+  "doc-cover": "cover",
+  "doc-credit": "credit",
+  "doc-credits": "credits",
+  "doc-dedication": "dedication",
+  definition: "definition",
+  "doc-endnote": "footnote", // Deprecated in DPUB-ARIA 1.1
+  "doc-endnotes": "endnotes",
+  "doc-epigraph": "epigraph",
+  "doc-epilogue": "epilogue",
+  "doc-errata": "errata",
+  "doc-example": "example",
+  figure: "figure",
+  "doc-footnote": "footnote",
+  "doc-foreword": "foreword",
+  "doc-glossary": "glossary",
+  "doc-glossref": "glossref",
+  img: "image",
+  image: "image", // ARIA 1.3 synonym of img
+  "doc-index": "index",
+  "doc-introduction": "introduction",
+  list: "list",
+  listitem: "listItem",
+  main: "main",
+  math: "math",
+  navigation: "navigation",
+  "doc-noteref": "noteref",
+  "doc-notice": "notice",
+  "doc-pagebreak": "pagebreak",
+  "doc-pagelist": "pagelist",
+  paragraph: "paragraph",
+  "doc-part": "part",
+  "doc-preface": "preface",
+  "doc-prologue": "prologue",
+  "doc-pullquote": "pullquote",
+  grid: "table",
+  gridcell: "cell",
+  presentation: "presentation",
+  none: "presentation",
+  "doc-qna": "qna",
+  qna: "qna",
+  region: "region",
+  row: "row",
+  rowheader: "rowheader",
+  separator: "separator",
+  "doc-subtitle": "subtitle",
+  table: "table",
+  term: "term",
+  "doc-tip": "tip",
+  "doc-toc": "toc",
+};
+
+const epubTypeRoles: Record<string, GndRole> = {
+  abstract: "abstract",
+  acknowledgments: "acknowledgments",
+  afterword: "afterword",
+  appendix: "appendix",
+  aside: "aside",
+  backlink: "backlink",
+  biblioentry: "listItem", // Deprecated in DPUB-ARIA 1.1
+  bibliography: "bibliography",
+  biblioref: "biblioref",
+  "table-cell": "cell",
+  chapter: "chapter",
+  colophon: "colophon",
+  conclusion: "conclusion",
+  cover: "cover",
+  credit: "credit",
+  credits: "credits",
+  dedication: "dedication",
+  glossdef: "definition",
+  endnote: "footnote",
+  endnotes: "endnotes",
+  rearnote: "footnote", // Deprecated alias of endnote
+  rearnotes: "endnotes", // Deprecated alias of endnotes
+  epigraph: "epigraph",
+  epilogue: "epilogue",
+  errata: "errata",
+  example: "example",
+  figure: "figure",
+  footnote: "footnote",
+  foreword: "foreword",
+  glossary: "glossary",
+  glossref: "glossref",
+  index: "index",
+  introduction: "introduction",
+  landmarks: "landmarks",
+  list: "list",
+  "list-item": "listItem",
+  loa: "loa",
+  loi: "loi",
+  lot: "lot",
+  lov: "lov",
+  noteref: "noteref",
+  notice: "notice",
+  pagebreak: "pagebreak",
+  "page-list": "pagelist",
+  pagelist: "pagelist",
+  part: "part",
+  preface: "preface",
+  prologue: "prologue",
+  pullquote: "pullquote",
+  qna: "qna",
+  "table-row": "row",
+  subtitle: "subtitle",
+  table: "table",
+  glossterm: "term",
+  tip: "tip",
+  toc: "toc",
+};
+
+// Elements whose role depends only on their tag name.
+const simpleElementTypeRoles: Record<string, GndRole> = {
+  article: "article",
+  aside: "aside",
+  audio: "audio",
+  blockquote: "blockquote",
+  caption: "caption",
+  figcaption: "caption",
+  td: "cell",
+  dd: "definition",
+  details: "details",
+  figure: "figure",
+  header: "header",
+  h1: "heading1",
+  h2: "heading2",
+  h3: "heading3",
+  h4: "heading4",
+  h5: "heading5",
+  h6: "heading6",
+  img: "image",
+  ul: "list",
+  ol: "list",
+  li: "listItem",
+  main: "main",
+  math: "math",
+  nav: "navigation",
+  p: "paragraph",
+  pre: "preformatted",
+  tr: "row",
+  section: "section",
+  hr: "separator",
+  summary: "summary",
+  table: "table",
+  dfn: "term",
+  dt: "term",
+  video: "video",
+  svg: "image",
+};
+
+// ARIA presentational inheritance: only a presentational <table>'s own
+// required owned elements without an explicit role inherit it.
+const tableOwnedTags = new Set(["tr", "td", "th"]);
+const tableOwnedIntermediateTags = new Set(["tr", "thead", "tbody", "tfoot"]);
+
+function isElementPresentational(el: Element): boolean {
+  const role = el.getAttribute("role");
+  if (!role) return false;
+  const vals = role.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean);
+  return vals.includes("presentation") || vals.includes("none");
+}
+
+function hasExplicitAriaRole(el: Element): boolean {
+  return (el.getAttribute("role") ?? "").trim() !== "";
+}
+
+function inheritsTablePresentation(el: Element, tagName: string): boolean {
+  if (!tableOwnedTags.has(tagName) || hasExplicitAriaRole(el)) return false;
+  for (let p = el.parentElement; p; p = p.parentElement) {
+    const tag = p.tagName.toLowerCase();
+    if (tag !== "table" && !tableOwnedIntermediateTags.has(tag)) return false;
+    if (isElementPresentational(p)) return true;
+    if (tag === "table" || hasExplicitAriaRole(p)) return false;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function hasRole(el: Element, role: string): boolean {
+  const attr = el.getAttribute("role");
+  if (!attr) return false;
+  return attr.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean).includes(role);
+}
+
+function isTableContainer(el: Element): boolean {
+  return el.tagName.toLowerCase() === "table" || hasRole(el, "table") || hasRole(el, "grid") || hasRole(el, "treegrid");
+}
+
+function isRowElement(el: Element): boolean {
+  return el.tagName.toLowerCase() === "tr" || hasRole(el, "row");
+}
+
+// Unscoped <th> fallback: first row -> columnheader, else -> rowheader.
+// Walks ancestors by tag/role instead of `closest("table")` — an ARIA-only
+// table (role="grid"/"table", no literal <table> tag) has no HTML tag to
+// find, only its structural descendants.
+function isFirstRowOfTable(tr: Element): boolean {
+  let container: Element | null = null;
+  for (let p = tr.parentElement; p; p = p.parentElement) {
+    if (isTableContainer(p)) {
+      container = p;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!container) return false;
+
+  const walker = container.ownerDocument.createTreeWalker(container, NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT, {
+    acceptNode: (n) => (isRowElement(n as Element) ? NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT : NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP),
+  });
+  return walker.nextNode() === tr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines the Guided Navigation roles of an element, combining the roles
+ * derived from the element type itself with the ones from its ARIA `role` and
+ * `epub:type` attributes, e.g. `<section epub:type="chapter">` -> `[section, chapter]`.
+ * An ARIA role of "presentation"/"none" strips the element of its native semantics.
+ */
+// Roles from an explicit `role=`/`epub:type` attribute, as opposed to the
+// tag-name mapping below that every element gets for free.
+function computeAttrRoles(el: Element): { attrRoles: GndRole[]; presentational: boolean } {
+  const attrRoles: GndRole[] = [];
+  let presentational = false;
+
+  const role = el.getAttribute("role");
+  if (role) {
+    for (const val of role.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean)) {
+      if (val === "presentation" || val === "none") {
+        presentational = true;
+      }
+      if (val === "heading") {
+        // The heading level comes from aria-level. It defaults to 2:
+        // https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#heading
+        let level = 2;
+        const ariaLevel = parseInt(el.getAttribute("aria-level") ?? "", 10);
+        if (Number.isFinite(ariaLevel) && ariaLevel >= 1) {
+          level = Math.min(ariaLevel, 6);
+        }
+        attrRoles.push(headingRoles[level - 1]);
+      } else if (ariaRoles[val]) {
+        attrRoles.push(ariaRoles[val]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // epub:type is only meaningful (and only ever set) in XHTML documents with
+  // the epub namespace declared; read the literal attribute name rather than
+  // resolving the namespace, since XHTML documents always use the "epub"
+  // prefix in practice.
+  const epubType = el.getAttribute("epub:type");
+  if (epubType) {
+    for (const val of epubType.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean)) {
+      const mapped = epubTypeRoles[val];
+      if (mapped) attrRoles.push(mapped);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { attrRoles, presentational };
+}
+
+// Whether el's role was explicitly authored (`role=`/`epub:type`), not just
+// inferred from its tag — e.g. a credit line vs. a plain `<p>`/`<pre>`.
+export function hasExplicitRole(el: Element): boolean {
+  const { attrRoles, presentational } = computeAttrRoles(el);
+  return attrRoles.length > 0 || presentational;
+}
+
+export function extractNodeRoles(el: Element): GndRole[] {
+  const roles: GndRole[] = [];
+  const add = (role: GndRole) => {
+    if (!roles.includes(role)) roles.push(role);
+  };
+
+  const { attrRoles, presentational } = computeAttrRoles(el);
+
+  const tagName = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+
+  if (presentational) {
+    // The element only retains the presentation role
+    return ["presentation"];
+  }
+
+  if (inheritsTablePresentation(el, tagName)) {
+    return ["presentation"];
+  }
+
+  // Based on element type. The element's own role comes first, followed by the
+  // more specific attribute-based roles, matching the ordering of the examples
+  // in the Guided Navigation specification.
+  if (tagName === "body") {
+    add("body");
+  } else if (tagName === "th") {
+    switch (el.getAttribute("scope")) {
+      case "col":
+        add("columnheader");
+        break;
+      case "row":
+        add("rowheader");
+        break;
+      default: {
+        const tr = el.parentElement;
+        if (tr && isFirstRowOfTable(tr)) {
+          add("columnheader");
+        } else if (el.previousElementSibling === null) {
+          add("rowheader");
+        } else {
+          add("cell");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    const mapped = simpleElementTypeRoles[tagName];
+    if (mapped) add(mapped);
+  }
+
+  for (const r of attrRoles) add(r);
+
+  return roles;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/selectorGenerator.ts b/guided-navigation/src/selectorGenerator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80b42631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/selectorGenerator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// The id-or-generated-CSS-selector heuristic every other textref option
+// (domRange, textFragment) builds its own reference on top of.
+import { getCssSelector } from "css-selector-generator";
+import { encodeCssSelectorFragment } from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+
+function isUniqueId(doc: Document, id: string): boolean {
+  return doc.querySelectorAll(`#${CSS.escape(id)}`).length === 1;
+}
+
+// One level of a >-joined climb, reasoning only about node's own siblings.
+// Never an attribute selector: those latch onto JS-mutated attributes (e.g. layout-script `style`) and can stop matching later.
+function siblingSelector(node: Element): string {
+  const id = node.getAttribute("id");
+  if (id && isUniqueId(node.ownerDocument, id)) return `#${CSS.escape(id)}`;
+  const parent = node.parentElement;
+  const tag = node.tagName.toLowerCase();
+  if (!parent) return tag;
+  const siblings = Array.from(parent.children);
+  for (const cls of node.classList) {
+    const escaped = `.${CSS.escape(cls)}`;
+    if (siblings.filter((s) => s.matches(escaped)).length === 1) return escaped;
+  }
+  if (siblings.filter((s) => s.tagName === node.tagName).length === 1) return tag;
+  return `${tag}:nth-child(${siblings.indexOf(node) + 1})`;
+}
+
+// Climbs from node up to (not including) stopAt, one siblingSelector() per level, short-circuiting once an ancestor id resolves (siblingSelector already confirmed it's document-unique).
+// Returns undefined if node turns out not to be inside stopAt at all.
+function climb(node: Element, stopAt: Element): string[] | undefined {
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  let cur: Element | null = node;
+  while (cur && cur !== stopAt) {
+    const part = siblingSelector(cur);
+    parts.unshift(part);
+    if (part.startsWith("#")) return parts;
+    cur = cur.parentElement;
+  }
+  return cur === stopAt ? parts : undefined;
+}
+
+// Stable, page-global anchor for selectorRoot, built via the same climbing logic as selectorForElement.
+// Avoids css-selector-generator's own root/fallback modes, which can silently emit a `:scope`-relative selector — only valid via `root.querySelector()`, never as a global one.
+export function rootAnchorSelector(selectorRoot: Element | null): string | null {
+  if (!selectorRoot) return null;
+  const id = selectorRoot.getAttribute("id");
+  if (id && isUniqueId(selectorRoot.ownerDocument, id)) return `#${CSS.escape(id)}`;
+  const docEl = selectorRoot.ownerDocument.documentElement;
+  const parts = climb(selectorRoot, docEl) ?? [];
+  if (parts.length > 0 && parts[0].startsWith("#")) return parts.join(" > ");
+  return [docEl.tagName.toLowerCase(), ...parts].join(" > ");
+}
+
+// An element's own "#id" when unique, else a selector relative to selectorRoot (the live element the conversion is scoped to) — for embedding elsewhere (e.g. domRangeGenerator.ts's DomRangeJSON), not as a textref by itself.
+// Without a live selectorRoot (a detached, throwaway document), there's no unrelated host content to guard against, so any id is trusted as-is.
+export function selectorForElement(
+  el: Element,
+  selectorRoot: Element | null,
+  rootAnchor: string | null,
+): string | undefined {
+  const id = el.getAttribute("id");
+  if (id && (!selectorRoot || isUniqueId(el.ownerDocument, id))) return `#${CSS.escape(id)}`;
+
+  if (!selectorRoot) {
+    return getCssSelector(el, { selectors: ["id", "class", "tag", "nthchild"] }) ?? undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (el === selectorRoot) return rootAnchor ?? undefined;
+
+  const parts = climb(el, selectorRoot);
+  if (!parts || parts.length === 0) return undefined;
+  if (parts[0].startsWith("#")) return parts.join(" > ");
+  return rootAnchor ? `${rootAnchor} > ${parts.join(" > ")}` : parts.join(" > ");
+}
+
+// The base textref every generated node gets: a bare "#id" URL fragment when
+// the element has one, a "#css(<selector>)" fragment otherwise. Wraps
+// selectorForElement's raw value so callers that already hold that value
+// (e.g. domRangeGenerator.ts, reusing it for the same element) can skip
+// recomputing it.
+// Bare-id iff selector equals this element's own escaped id, unfooled by CSS.escape's literal spaces (id="foo bar").
+export function textrefForSelector(selector: string | undefined, el: Element): string | undefined {
+  if (!selector) return undefined;
+  const id = el.getAttribute("id");
+  const isBareId = !!id && selector === `#${CSS.escape(id)}`;
+  return isBareId ? `#${encodeURIComponent(id)}` : encodeCssSelectorFragment(selector);
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/text.ts b/guided-navigation/src/text.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea194d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/text.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { GuidedNavigationText } from "@readium/shared";
+
+export interface TextBuilder {
+  plain: string;
+  ssml: string;
+  language: string;
+}
+
+export function textIsEmpty(t: TextBuilder): boolean {
+  return t.plain === "" && t.ssml === "" && t.language === "";
+}
+
+export function finalizeText(t?: TextBuilder): GuidedNavigationText | undefined {
+  if (!t || (t.plain === "" && t.ssml === "")) return undefined;
+  return new GuidedNavigationText({
+    plain: t.plain !== "" ? t.plain : undefined,
+    ssml: t.ssml !== "" ? t.ssml : undefined,
+    language: t.language !== "" ? t.language : undefined,
+  });
+}
+
+export interface SSMLContext {
+  lang: string;
+  tag: string;
+  attrs?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export function ctxEqual(a: SSMLContext, b: SSMLContext): boolean {
+  if (a.lang !== b.lang || a.tag !== b.tag) return false;
+  const ae = Object.entries(a.attrs ?? {});
+  const be = Object.entries(b.attrs ?? {});
+  if (ae.length !== be.length) return false;
+  return ae.every(([k, v]) => b.attrs?.[k] === v);
+}
+
+// Unicode's Line_Break=GL ("glue") space codepoints; no `\p{...}` covers this directly.
+const NO_BREAK_SPACE_RE = /[\u00A0\u2007\u202F]/;
+
+export function isNoBreakSpace(ch: string): boolean {
+  return NO_BREAK_SPACE_RE.test(ch);
+}
+
+export function normalizeWhitespace(text: string, stripLeading: boolean): string {
+  let out = "";
+  let lastWasWhite = false;
+  let reachedNonWhite = false;
+  for (const ch of text) {
+    if (isNoBreakSpace(ch)) {
+      // Never collapsed or stripped as leading, unlike an ordinary space.
+      out += ch;
+      lastWasWhite = false;
+      reachedNonWhite = true;
+    } else if (/\s/.test(ch)) {
+      if ((stripLeading && !reachedNonWhite) || lastWasWhite) continue;
+      out += " ";
+      lastWasWhite = true;
+    } else if (ch !== "\u200B" && ch !== "\u00AD") {
+      // zero width space, soft hyphen
+      out += ch;
+      lastWasWhite = false;
+      reachedNonWhite = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/textFragmentGenerator.ts b/guided-navigation/src/textFragmentGenerator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ef463b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/textFragmentGenerator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Generates a WICG Text Fragment directive for TextrefOptions.textFragment —
+// see Converter.applyTextref in converter.ts. Delegates to @readium/helpers'
+// text-fragments-polyfill port rather than reimplementing WICG's
+// word-boundary/disambiguation logic.
+import { generateFragmentFromRange, GenerateFragmentStatus } from "@readium/helpers";
+import type { TextFragmentDirective } from "./textrefFragment.ts";
+
+export function textFragmentDirectiveFor(range: Range): TextFragmentDirective | undefined {
+  const result = generateFragmentFromRange(range);
+  return result.status === GenerateFragmentStatus.SUCCESS ? result.fragment : undefined;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/textrefFragment.ts b/guided-navigation/src/textrefFragment.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa9b556f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/textrefFragment.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// textref fragments: a "#css()" fragment carrying a CSS selector, a
+// "#domrange()" fragment (for callers converting a live, already-rendered
+// DOM) carrying a serialized Locator DomRange — see the Locator HTML
+// extension spec: https://readium.org/architecture/models/locators/extensions/html.html#the-domrange-object
+// — and a ":~:text=..." suffix per the WICG Text Fragments spec
+// (https://wicg.github.io/scroll-to-text-fragment/), which appends onto
+// whatever fragment already precedes it rather than replacing it. None of
+// these is a Locator itself — textref is a plain URI reference, per the
+// guided-navigation spec.
+
+const CSS_PREFIX = "#css(";
+const CSS_SUFFIX = ")";
+
+export function encodeCssSelectorFragment(selector: string): string {
+  return `${CSS_PREFIX}${encodeURIComponent(selector)}${CSS_SUFFIX}`;
+}
+
+export function decodeCssSelectorFragment(textref: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!textref || !textref.startsWith(CSS_PREFIX) || !textref.endsWith(CSS_SUFFIX)) return undefined;
+  return decodeURIComponent(textref.slice(CSS_PREFIX.length, -CSS_SUFFIX.length));
+}
+
+const DOMRANGE_PREFIX = "#domrange(";
+const DOMRANGE_SUFFIX = ")";
+
+// The RWPM JSON shape produced/consumed by @readium/shared's DomRange —
+// {start: {cssSelector, textNodeIndex, charOffset?}, end?: {...}}.
+export interface DomRangeJSON {
+  start: { cssSelector: string; textNodeIndex: number; charOffset?: number };
+  end?: { cssSelector: string; textNodeIndex: number; charOffset?: number };
+  // The block element's own selector — distinct from start's selector, which
+  // is whatever child actually contains the first flow text node (e.g. a
+  // word-token <span>), not the block itself.
+  container?: string;
+}
+
+export function encodeDomRangeFragment(domRange: DomRangeJSON): string {
+  return `${DOMRANGE_PREFIX}${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(domRange))}${DOMRANGE_SUFFIX}`;
+}
+
+export function decodeDomRangeFragment(textref: string | undefined): DomRangeJSON | undefined {
+  if (!textref || !textref.startsWith(DOMRANGE_PREFIX) || !textref.endsWith(DOMRANGE_SUFFIX)) return undefined;
+  try {
+    const json = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(textref.slice(DOMRANGE_PREFIX.length, -DOMRANGE_SUFFIX.length)));
+    if (!json?.start?.cssSelector || typeof json.start.textNodeIndex !== "number") return undefined;
+    return json as DomRangeJSON;
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+const TEXT_DIRECTIVE_MARK = ":~:text=";
+
+// WICG Text Fragments directive grammar: text=[prefix-,]textStart[,textEnd][,-suffix].
+export interface TextFragmentDirective {
+  textStart: string;
+  textEnd?: string;
+  prefix?: string;
+  suffix?: string;
+}
+
+// A literal "-" isn't touched by encodeURIComponent, but the grammar uses
+// "-," and ",-" as prefix/suffix markers, so it must always be escaped in
+// content to stay unambiguous.
+function encodeFragmentPart(s: string): string {
+  return encodeURIComponent(s).replace(/-/g, "%2D");
+}
+
+export function encodeTextFragmentDirective(fragment: TextFragmentDirective): string {
+  let s = "";
+  if (fragment.prefix) s += `${encodeFragmentPart(fragment.prefix)}-,`;
+  s += encodeFragmentPart(fragment.textStart);
+  if (fragment.textEnd) s += `,${encodeFragmentPart(fragment.textEnd)}`;
+  if (fragment.suffix) s += `,-${encodeFragmentPart(fragment.suffix)}`;
+  return `${TEXT_DIRECTIVE_MARK}${s}`;
+}
+
+// Locates ":~:text=" anywhere in textref — it's a suffix appended onto
+// whatever fragment (bare id / #css(...) / #domrange(...)) already precedes
+// it, never the whole string.
+export function decodeTextFragmentDirective(textref: string | undefined): TextFragmentDirective | undefined {
+  if (!textref) return undefined;
+  const markIndex = textref.indexOf(TEXT_DIRECTIVE_MARK);
+  if (markIndex === -1) return undefined;
+  const raw = textref.slice(markIndex + TEXT_DIRECTIVE_MARK.length).split("&")[0];
+  if (!raw) return undefined;
+
+  try {
+    let parts = raw.split(",");
+    const result: TextFragmentDirective = { textStart: "" };
+
+    if (parts[0].endsWith("-")) {
+      result.prefix = decodeURIComponent(parts[0].slice(0, -1));
+      parts = parts.slice(1);
+    }
+    if (parts.length > 0 && parts[parts.length - 1].startsWith("-")) {
+      result.suffix = decodeURIComponent(parts[parts.length - 1].slice(1));
+      parts = parts.slice(0, -1);
+    }
+    if (parts.length === 0 || parts[0] === "") return undefined;
+
+    result.textStart = decodeURIComponent(parts[0]);
+    if (parts.length > 1) result.textEnd = decodeURIComponent(parts[1]);
+    return result;
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+export interface DecodedTextref {
+  cssSelector?: string;
+  domRange?: DomRangeJSON;
+  text?: { highlight?: string; before?: string; after?: string };
+  fragment?: string;
+}
+
+// Combines two nodes' own decoded textrefs into one spanning locator (each
+// `DomRangeJSON` point carries its own `cssSelector`, so start/end in two
+// different elements is already legal). `undefined` when either side has no
+// `domRange` to combine — a bare selector has no `textNodeIndex` to build one from.
+export function combineDomRangeTextrefs(first: DecodedTextref, last: DecodedTextref): DecodedTextref | undefined {
+  if (!first.domRange || !last.domRange) return undefined;
+  const domRange: DomRangeJSON = { start: first.domRange.start, end: last.domRange.end ?? last.domRange.start };
+  if (first.domRange.container !== undefined) domRange.container = first.domRange.container;
+  return { domRange, cssSelector: domRange.container ?? domRange.start.cssSelector };
+}
+
+function decodeIdFragment(base: string): string | undefined {
+  if (!base.startsWith("#")) return undefined;
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(base.slice(1));
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+// Decodes a node's own generated textref, distinguishing it from an
+// unrelated navigational textref (link href, pagebreak/noteref reference)
+// that happens to also start with "#" — those are never wrapped in
+// "#css(...)"/"#domrange(...)", and a bare "#id" is only trusted as a
+// self-reference when it matches this same node's own id (the shape
+// Converter.applyTextref produces), not an id belonging elsewhere. A
+// ":~:text=..." suffix is independent of all that — it can accompany any of
+// the above, or stand alone — so it's decoded separately from the rest of
+// the string and merged into the result.
+export function decodeTextref(node: { id?: string; textref?: string } | undefined): DecodedTextref | undefined {
+  const textref = node?.textref;
+  if (!textref) return undefined;
+
+  const markIndex = textref.indexOf(":~:");
+  const base = markIndex === -1 ? textref : textref.slice(0, markIndex);
+
+  let cssSelector: string | undefined;
+  let domRange: DomRangeJSON | undefined;
+  const baseDomRange = decodeDomRangeFragment(base);
+  if (baseDomRange) {
+    domRange = baseDomRange;
+    cssSelector = baseDomRange.container ?? baseDomRange.start.cssSelector;
+  } else {
+    const decoded = decodeCssSelectorFragment(base);
+    if (decoded !== undefined) {
+      cssSelector = decoded;
+    } else if (node?.id && decodeIdFragment(base) === node.id) {
+      cssSelector = `#${CSS.escape(node.id)}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A textStart/textEnd range can't be collapsed back into one exact
+  // "highlight" string without the full text in between, so it's carried
+  // as-is via locations.fragments (which the WICG grammar natively
+  // supports) instead. Only the exact-match case (no textEnd) becomes a
+  // text.highlight/before/after quote.
+  const directive = decodeTextFragmentDirective(textref);
+
+  if (cssSelector === undefined && domRange === undefined && directive === undefined) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const result: DecodedTextref = {};
+  if (cssSelector !== undefined) result.cssSelector = cssSelector;
+  if (domRange !== undefined) result.domRange = domRange;
+  if (directive?.textEnd !== undefined) {
+    result.fragment = encodeTextFragmentDirective(directive);
+  } else if (directive) {
+    result.text = { highlight: directive.textStart };
+    if (directive.prefix !== undefined) result.text.before = directive.prefix;
+    if (directive.suffix !== undefined) result.text.after = directive.suffix;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/src/types.ts b/guided-navigation/src/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4510fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/src/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// A plain string rather than a union so new roles don't require a type change; see roles.ts for the roles generated.
+export type GndRole = string;
diff --git a/guided-navigation/test/fixtures.test.ts b/guided-navigation/test/fixtures.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6312724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/test/fixtures.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { GuidedNavigationObject } from "@readium/shared";
+import { loadManifest, loadFixture, stripLocatorDetails } from "./testUtils.ts";
+import { parseMarkup } from "../src/converter.ts";
+
+const manifest = loadManifest();
+
+test("manifest is a non-empty array", () => {
+  expect(Array.isArray(manifest)).toBe(true);
+  expect(manifest.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+});
+
+test("manifest has no duplicate ids", () => {
+  const ids = manifest.map((entry) => entry.id);
+  expect(new Set(ids).size).toBe(ids.length);
+});
+
+function sortKeysDeep(value: unknown): unknown {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(sortKeysDeep);
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    return Object.keys(value)
+      .sort()
+      .reduce((acc: Record<string, unknown>, key) => {
+        acc[key] = sortKeysDeep((value as Record<string, unknown>)[key]);
+        return acc;
+      }, {});
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+// gnd.json stores a single fixture's expected top-level item(s) directly —
+// a bare object for one item, or a role-less/id-less `{children: [...]}` for
+// several siblings — while `parseMarkup()` always returns an array. This maps
+// the stored file format onto that array shape for comparison.
+function expectedTopLevel(gnd: unknown): unknown[] {
+  if (gnd && typeof gnd === "object" && !Array.isArray(gnd)) {
+    const keys = Object.keys(gnd);
+    if (keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === "children") {
+      return (gnd as { children: unknown[] }).children;
+    }
+  }
+  return [gnd];
+}
+
+describe.each(manifest.map((entry) => [entry.id, entry] as const))("fixture %s", (id, entry) => {
+  const fixture = loadFixture(id);
+
+  test("loads", () => {
+    expect(entry.dir).toBe(id);
+    expect(fixture.meta.id).toBe(id);
+    expect(fixture.meta.role).toBe(entry.role);
+    expect(fixture.inputHtml.trim().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(typeof fixture.gnd === "object" && fixture.gnd !== null).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("gnd.json is valid against the Guided Navigation schema", () => {
+    for (const item of expectedTopLevel(fixture.gnd)) {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize(item)?.serialize()).toEqual(item);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("parseMarkup matches gnd.json", () => {
+    const actual = parseMarkup(fixture.inputHtml).map((o) => o.serialize());
+    expect(sortKeysDeep(stripLocatorDetails(actual))).toEqual(sortKeysDeep(stripLocatorDetails(expectedTopLevel(fixture.gnd))));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/guided-navigation/test/makeGnd.test.ts b/guided-navigation/test/makeGnd.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dec02c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/test/makeGnd.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { makeGnd } from "../src/makeGnd.ts";
+import { parseMarkup } from "../src/converter.ts";
+
+const xhtmlNs = 'xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops"';
+
+test("makeGnd wraps parseMarkup's output as-is for a full document", () => {
+  const input = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>t</title></head><body><p>Hello.</p></body></html>";
+  expect(makeGnd(input)?.guided).toEqual(parseMarkup(input));
+});
+
+test("makeGnd wraps parseMarkup's output as-is for a bodyless fragment", () => {
+  const input = `<section ${xhtmlNs} epub:type="chapter" xml:lang="fr">Bonjour.</section>`;
+  expect(makeGnd(input, "application/xhtml+xml")?.guided).toEqual(parseMarkup(input, "application/xhtml+xml"));
+});
+
+test("makeGnd never fabricates a body node for a bodyless fragment", () => {
+  const input = `<section ${xhtmlNs} epub:type="chapter" xml:lang="fr">Bonjour.</section>`;
+  const doc = makeGnd(input, "application/xhtml+xml");
+  expect(doc?.guided.some((node) => node.role?.has("body"))).toBe(false);
+});
+
+test("makeGnd returns undefined when the input has no navigable content", () => {
+  expect(makeGnd("<div></div>")).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup throws on malformed XHTML", () => {
+  expect(() => parseMarkup("<p>Caf&eacute;</p>", "application/xhtml+xml")).toThrow(/XHTML parsing failed/);
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup re-parses malformed XHTML as HTML with htmlFallback", () => {
+  const input = "<p>Caf&eacute;</p>";
+  expect(parseMarkup(input, "application/xhtml+xml", { htmlFallback: true })).toEqual(parseMarkup(input, "text/html"));
+  expect(parseMarkup(input, "application/xhtml+xml", { htmlFallback: true })[0].text?.plain).toBe("Café");
+});
diff --git a/guided-navigation/test/testUtils.ts b/guided-navigation/test/testUtils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46f9d765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/test/testUtils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "fs";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+export interface FixtureManifestEntry {
+  id: string;
+  dir: string;
+  role: string;
+  description: string;
+  files: {
+    input: string;
+    gnd: string;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface FixtureMeta {
+  id: string;
+  description: string;
+  role: string;
+  rolesCovered: string[];
+  sourceRef: string;
+  inputKind: "fragment" | "document";
+}
+
+export interface LoadedFixture {
+  meta: FixtureMeta;
+  inputHtml: string;
+  gnd: unknown;
+}
+
+const fixturesDir = join(__dirname, "../fixtures");
+
+export function loadManifest(): FixtureManifestEntry[] {
+  return JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(fixturesDir, "manifest.json"), "utf-8"));
+}
+
+export function loadFixture(id: string): LoadedFixture {
+  const dir = join(fixturesDir, id);
+  const meta: FixtureMeta = JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(dir, "meta.json"), "utf-8"));
+  const inputFile = existsSync(join(dir, "input.xhtml")) ? "input.xhtml" : "input.html";
+  const inputHtml = readFileSync(join(dir, inputFile), "utf-8");
+  const gnd = JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(dir, "gnd.json"), "utf-8"));
+  return { meta, inputHtml, gnd };
+}
+
+// Generated selectors differ across implementations, so fixtures don't compare textref values.
+export function stripLocatorDetails(value: unknown): unknown {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(stripLocatorDetails);
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const [key, val] of Object.entries(value)) {
+      if (key === "textref") continue;
+      out[key] = stripLocatorDetails(val);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/test/textref.test.ts b/guided-navigation/test/textref.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9754724f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/test/textref.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+import { parseMarkup } from "../src/converter.ts";
+import {
+  encodeCssSelectorFragment,
+  decodeCssSelectorFragment,
+  encodeDomRangeFragment,
+  decodeDomRangeFragment,
+  encodeTextFragmentDirective,
+  decodeTextFragmentDirective,
+  decodeTextref,
+} from "../src/textrefFragment.ts";
+
+test("textrefs option is off by default — no textref is generated", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>Hello.</p>");
+  expect(result.textref).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: true generates a #css(...) textref for a node with no id", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>Hello.</p>", undefined, { textrefs: true });
+  expect(result.textref?.startsWith("#css(")).toBe(true);
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(result.textref)).toBe("p");
+});
+
+test("textrefs prefers a bare #id over a generated selector", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup('<p id="par1">Hello.</p>', undefined, { textrefs: true });
+  expect(result.textref).toBe("#par1");
+});
+
+test("textrefs keeps an id containing a space as a bare, percent-encoded URL fragment", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup('<p id="foo bar">Hello.</p>', undefined, { textrefs: true });
+  expect(result.textref).toBe("#foo%20bar");
+  expect(decodeTextref(result)).toEqual({ cssSelector: "#foo\\ bar" });
+});
+
+test("textrefs emits an id needing CSS escaping as a URL fragment, not a CSS-escaped selector", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup('<p id="1intro">Hello.</p>', undefined, { textrefs: true });
+  expect(result.textref).toBe("#1intro");
+  expect(decodeTextref(result)).toEqual({ cssSelector: "#\\31 intro" });
+});
+
+test("textrefs: [roles] restricts generation to the listed roles", () => {
+  const input = "<p>Hello.</p><h1>Title</h1>";
+  const [p, h1] = parseMarkup(input, undefined, { textrefs: ["heading1"] });
+  expect(p.textref).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(h1.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: ['leaf-text'] gives each roleless leaf-text <div> its own textref — e.g. paragraph-like fragments with no <p>/role at all", () => {
+  const html = `<div class="case"><div class="frag">Hello.</div><div class="frag">World.</div></div>`;
+  const [first, second] = parseMarkup(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(first.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(second.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: ['leaf-text'] does not give a purely structural wrapper (no text of its own) a textref", () => {
+  // A wrapper that owns no text of its own is dropped from the GND tree
+  // entirely (nothing to flush at its own tail()) — only the two leaf-text
+  // divs come out.
+  const html = `<div><div>Hello.</div><div>World.</div></div>`;
+  const result = parseMarkup(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });
+  expect(result.length).toBe(2);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: true also covers roleless leaf-text blocks", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<div>Hello.</div>", undefined, { textrefs: true });
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(result.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: [someOtherRole] alone (no 'leaf-text' in the array) still excludes a roleless leaf-text block", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<div>Hello.</div>", undefined, { textrefs: ["heading1"] });
+  expect(result.textref).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: ['leaf-text'] never assigns a role to the roleless block — only its textref eligibility changes", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<div>Hello.</div>", undefined, { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });
+  expect(result.role).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: true doesn't stop a role-less <thead>/<tbody> from being flattened away", () => {
+  const html = `<table><thead><tr><th scope="col">Name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ada</td></tr><tr><td>Bob</td></tr></tbody></table>`;
+  const [withRefs] = parseMarkup(html, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true } });
+  const [without] = parseMarkup(html);
+  expect(withRefs.children?.length).toBe(without.children?.length);
+  expect(withRefs.children?.every((c) => c.role?.has("row"))).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("an object with only a role gets a textref to its own element even with textrefs off", () => {
+  const [, separator] = parseMarkup("<p>One.</p><hr><p>Two.</p>");
+  expect(separator.role).toEqual(new Set(["separator"]));
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(separator.textref)).toBe("hr");
+});
+
+test("an object with only a role and a description gets a textref to its own element even with textrefs off", () => {
+  const [image] = parseMarkup('<span role="img" aria-label="Four stars">★★★★</span>');
+  expect(image.description?.text?.plain).toBe("Four stars");
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(image.textref)).toBe("span");
+});
+
+test("a roleless wrapper with a description is kept, not spliced into its parent", () => {
+  const [wrapper] = parseMarkup('<div aria-label="Sidebar"><p>One.</p><p>Two.</p></div>');
+  expect(wrapper.description?.text?.plain).toBe("Sidebar");
+  expect(wrapper.children?.length).toBe(2);
+});
+
+test("a lone roleless child with a description is not hoisted into its parent", () => {
+  const [item] = parseMarkup('<ul><li><div aria-label="Sidebar">One.</div></li></ul>')[0].children!;
+  expect(item.children?.[0].description?.text?.plain).toBe("Sidebar");
+});
+
+test("a descended inline pagebreak stays within its paragraph's flow", () => {
+  const html = '<p>Before <span role="doc-pagebreak" title="5">5</span> after.</p>';
+  const [paragraph] = parseMarkup(html, undefined, { textrefs: ["pagebreak"] });
+  expect(parseMarkup(html).length).toBe(1);
+  expect(paragraph.textref).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(paragraph.children?.some((c) => c.role?.has("pagebreak"))).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("a descended inline pagebreak doesn't truncate its paragraph's domRange", () => {
+  const html = '<body><p>Before <span role="doc-pagebreak" title="5">5</span> after.</p></body>';
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(html, "text/html");
+  const [paragraph] = parseMarkup(doc.body, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } })[0].children!;
+  expect(decodeTextref(paragraph)?.domRange?.start).toEqual({ cssSelector: "html > body > p", textNodeIndex: 0, charOffset: 0 });
+});
+
+test("a block with a child block doesn't narrow its textref to the text after that child", () => {
+  const options = { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } };
+  const [trailing] = parseMarkup("<section>Loose intro <p>Para</p> closing words</section>", "text/html", options);
+  const [leading] = parseMarkup("<section>Loose intro <p>Para</p></section>", "text/html", options);
+  expect(trailing.textref).toBe("#css(section)");
+  expect(leading.textref).toBe("#css(section)");
+});
+
+test("a block with a child block keeps its whole domRange off, not just the trailing flow's", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString("<body><section>Loose intro <p>Para</p> closing words</section></body>", "text/html");
+  const [section] = parseMarkup(doc.body, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } })[0].children!;
+  expect(decodeTextref(section)?.domRange).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("textrefs: ['leaf-text'] treats a roleless <div> with a child block the same whether or not text follows it", () => {
+  const trailing = parseMarkup("<div>Loose intro <p>Para</p> closing words</div>", "text/html", { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });
+  const leading = parseMarkup("<div>Loose intro <p>Para</p></div>", "text/html", { textrefs: ["leaf-text"] });
+  expect(trailing.map((o) => o.textref)).toEqual([undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+  expect(leading.map((o) => o.textref)).toEqual([undefined, undefined]);
+});
+
+test("MathML is carried as SSML in the MathML namespace, keeping its alttext as description and a textref to its element", () => {
+  const [math] = parseMarkup('<math alttext="x squared"><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math>');
+  expect(math.text?.ssml).toBe('<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x squared"><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math>');
+  expect(math.text?.plain).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(math.description?.text?.plain).toBe("x squared");
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(math.textref)).toBe("math");
+});
+
+test("inline MathML becomes a placeholder in its sentence's SSML, with the math object as a child", () => {
+  const [paragraph] = parseMarkup("<p>Since <math><mi>x</mi></math> holds.</p>");
+  const [math] = paragraph.children!;
+  expect(paragraph.text?.ssml).toBe(`Since <readium:math id="${math.id}" /> holds.`);
+  expect(math.text?.ssml).toBe('<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>');
+});
+
+test("role=\"math\" on non-MathML markup carries its content as plain text and its aria-label as description", () => {
+  const [math] = parseMarkup('<span role="math" aria-label="x squared">x²</span>');
+  expect(math.text?.plain).toBe("x²");
+  expect(math.description?.text?.plain).toBe("x squared");
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(math.textref)).toBe("span");
+});
+
+test("an object with text next to a role-only sibling still gets no textref with textrefs off", () => {
+  const [first, , last] = parseMarkup("<p>One.</p><hr><p>Two.</p>");
+  expect(first.textref).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(last.textref).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("a link's own href textref is never clobbered by, nor clobbers, the parent's generated reference", () => {
+  const input = '<ul><li><a href="chapter1.xhtml">Chapter 1</a></li></ul>';
+  const [list] = parseMarkup(input, undefined, { textrefs: ["listItem"] });
+  const [item] = list.children!;
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(item.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+  const [link] = item.children!;
+  expect(link.textref).toBe("chapter1.xhtml");
+});
+
+test("encodeCssSelectorFragment/decodeCssSelectorFragment round-trip", () => {
+  const selector = 'li:nth-child(2) > a[href="chapter1.xhtml"]';
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(encodeCssSelectorFragment(selector))).toBe(selector);
+});
+
+test("decodeCssSelectorFragment returns undefined for an unrelated textref", () => {
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment("chapter1.xhtml#intro")).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(undefined)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("encodeDomRangeFragment/decodeDomRangeFragment round-trip", () => {
+  const domRange = {
+    start: { cssSelector: "p", textNodeIndex: 0, charOffset: 3 },
+    end: { cssSelector: "p", textNodeIndex: 0, charOffset: 8 },
+  };
+  expect(decodeDomRangeFragment(encodeDomRangeFragment(domRange))).toEqual(domRange);
+});
+
+test("decodeDomRangeFragment returns undefined for an unrelated or malformed textref", () => {
+  expect(decodeDomRangeFragment("chapter1.xhtml#intro")).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeDomRangeFragment("#domrange(not-json)")).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeDomRangeFragment(undefined)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("decodeTextref prefers domRange, then css(), then a self-matching bare #id", () => {
+  const domRange = { start: { cssSelector: "p", textNodeIndex: 0, charOffset: 0 } };
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref: encodeDomRangeFragment(domRange) })).toEqual({
+    cssSelector: "p",
+    domRange,
+  });
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref: encodeCssSelectorFragment("p") })).toEqual({ cssSelector: "p" });
+  expect(decodeTextref({ id: "par1", textref: "#par1" })).toEqual({ cssSelector: "#par1" });
+});
+
+test("decodeTextref prefers domRange's container over start's own selector — start's container is whichever child holds the first flow text node, not the block", () => {
+  const domRange = { start: { cssSelector: "span.token", textNodeIndex: 0, charOffset: 0 }, container: "div.frag" };
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref: encodeDomRangeFragment(domRange) })).toEqual({
+    cssSelector: "div.frag",
+    domRange,
+  });
+});
+
+test("decodeTextref ignores a navigational textref that isn't this node's own id", () => {
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref: "chapter1.xhtml" })).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeTextref({ id: "par1", textref: "#note1" })).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeTextref(undefined)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup() given a live element computes a domRange resolving back to the exact text", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString("<body><p>Hello <em>world</em>.</p></body>", "text/html");
+  const p = doc.querySelector("p")!;
+
+  const [result] = parseMarkup(p, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } });
+
+  const ref = decodeTextref(result);
+  expect(ref?.domRange).toBeTruthy();
+  const { start, end } = ref!.domRange!;
+  expect(end).toBeTruthy();
+
+  const isText = (n: Node) => n.nodeType === 3;
+  const startContainer = doc.querySelector(start.cssSelector)!;
+  const startNode = Array.from(startContainer.childNodes).filter(isText)[start.textNodeIndex] as Text;
+  expect(startNode.nodeValue!.slice(start.charOffset)).toBe("Hello ");
+
+  const endContainer = doc.querySelector(end!.cssSelector)!;
+  const endNode = Array.from(endContainer.childNodes).filter(isText)[end!.textNodeIndex] as Text;
+  expect(endNode.nodeValue!.slice(0, end!.charOffset)).toBe(".");
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup() given a live leaf-text block whose flow starts inside a child <span> still resolves its domRange's cssSelector to the block itself, not that span", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(
+    '<body><div class="frag"><span class="token">Hello</span><span class="token"> </span><span class="token">world.</span></div></body>',
+    "text/html",
+  );
+  const div = doc.querySelector("div.frag")!;
+
+  const [result] = parseMarkup(div, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } });
+
+  const ref = decodeTextref(result);
+  expect(ref?.domRange).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(doc.querySelector(ref!.cssSelector!)).toBe(div);
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup() given a live element under a selectorRoot never generates a selector that resolves outside that root, even when an id inside it collides with one elsewhere in the host document", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(
+    '<body><section id="chapter1"><section id="dup">Chapter one.</section></section><section id="chapter2"><section id="dup"><p>Chapter two.</p></section></section></body>',
+    "text/html",
+  );
+  const chapter2 = doc.getElementById("chapter2")!;
+
+  const [root] = parseMarkup(chapter2, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } });
+  const nodes = [root, ...root.children!, ...root.children!.flatMap((c) => c.children ?? [])];
+  const paragraph = nodes.find((n) => decodeTextref(n)?.domRange)!;
+
+  const ref = decodeTextref(paragraph);
+  expect(ref?.domRange).toBeTruthy();
+  const container = doc.querySelector(ref!.domRange!.start.cssSelector)!;
+  expect(chapter2.contains(container)).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("a rootAnchor-prefixed compound selector (starts with '#' like a bare id, but isn't one) is still wrapped in #css(...)", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString('<body><section id="chapter"><p>a</p><p>b</p></section></body>', "text/html");
+  const chapter = doc.getElementById("chapter")!;
+
+  const [root] = parseMarkup(chapter, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true } });
+  const second = root.children![1];
+
+  expect(second.textref?.startsWith("#css(")).toBe(true);
+  const selector = decodeCssSelectorFragment(second.textref)!;
+  expect(selector.startsWith("#chapter > ")).toBe(true);
+  expect(doc.querySelector(selector)).toBe(doc.querySelectorAll("p")[1]);
+});
+
+test("parseMarkup() given a markup string never enables domRange, even when requested — it always parses a detached document", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>Hello.</p>", undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true } });
+  expect(decodeCssSelectorFragment(result.textref)?.length ? true : false).toBe(true);
+  expect(decodeDomRangeFragment(result.textref)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("encodeTextFragmentDirective/decodeTextFragmentDirective round-trip", () => {
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(encodeTextFragmentDirective({ textStart: "Hello, world!" }))).toEqual({
+    textStart: "Hello, world!",
+  });
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(encodeTextFragmentDirective({ textStart: "middle", prefix: "before-text", suffix: "after-text" }))).toEqual({ textStart: "middle", prefix: "before-text", suffix: "after-text" });
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(encodeTextFragmentDirective({ textStart: "start", textEnd: "end" }))).toEqual({
+    textStart: "start",
+    textEnd: "end",
+  });
+});
+
+test("decodeTextFragmentDirective returns undefined for a textref with no directive", () => {
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective("#css(p)")).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(undefined)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true appends a :~:text=... directive onto the existing #css(...) reference for unique text", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>A unique sentence.</p>", undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+  expect(result.textref!.startsWith("#css(p)")).toBe(true);
+  expect(result.textref!.includes(":~:text=")).toBe(true);
+  // The polyfill's own exact-match path normalizes case (matching is
+  // case-insensitive per the WICG spec either way).
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref)).toEqual({ textStart: "a unique sentence." });
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true composes with domRange: true — both encodings appear in one textref", () => {
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString("<body><p>A unique sentence.</p></body>", "text/html");
+  const p = doc.querySelector("p")!;
+  const [result] = parseMarkup(p, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, domRange: true, textFragment: true } });
+  expect(decodeTextref(result)?.domRange).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref)).toEqual({ textStart: "a unique sentence." });
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true works from a detached markup string too, unlike domRange", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>A unique sentence.</p>", undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref)).toEqual({ textStart: "a unique sentence." });
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true widens with prefix/suffix context when the text recurs, and gives up when it still can't disambiguate", () => {
+  const input =
+    "<p>Before one context</p><p>Repeated text</p><p>Middle marker</p><p>Repeated text</p><p>After two context</p>";
+  const [, first, , second] = parseMarkup(input, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+
+  const firstDirective = decodeTextFragmentDirective(first.textref);
+  const secondDirective = decodeTextFragmentDirective(second.textref);
+  expect(firstDirective).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(secondDirective).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(firstDirective).not.toEqual(secondDirective);
+
+  // Recurring text with identical surrounding context on every occurrence
+  // gives up — the existing #css(...) reference is left untouched.
+  const identicalContext =
+    "<p>A B C</p><p>Same</p><p>D E F</p><p>A B C</p><p>Same</p><p>D E F</p>";
+  const nodes = parseMarkup(identicalContext, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+  const [dupA, dupB] = nodes.filter((n) => n.text?.plain === "Same");
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(dupA.textref)).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(decodeTextFragmentDirective(dupB.textref)).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+// Surrogate pairs, locale-aware word segmentation, and richer inline markup
+// each affect where a text-fragment match can legally start/end.
+
+test("textFragment: true keeps an astral-plane character (surrogate pair) intact rather than splitting it", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>Testing emoji 😀 support works.</p>", undefined, {
+    textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true },
+  });
+  const directive = decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref);
+  expect(directive?.textStart).toBe("testing emoji 😀 support works.");
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true splits into textStart/textEnd for text past the exact-match length limit", () => {
+  const longText = Array.from({ length: 60 }, (_, i) => `word${i}`).join(" ") + ".";
+  const [result] = parseMarkup(`<p>${longText}</p>`, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+  const directive = decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref);
+  expect(directive?.textStart).toBe("word0 word1 word2");
+  expect(directive?.textEnd).toBe("word57 word58 word59.");
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true flattens inline markup and <br> within a block into one match", () => {
+  const [result] = parseMarkup("<p>Hello <b>bold</b> and<br/><em>italic</em> text.</p>", undefined, {
+    textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true },
+  });
+  const directive = decodeTextFragmentDirective(result.textref);
+  expect(directive?.textStart).toBe("Hello bold and");
+  expect(directive?.textEnd).toBe("italic text.");
+});
+
+test("textFragment: true uses locale-aware word segmentation for recurring CJK text with no whitespace", () => {
+  // いただきます/ご馳走様 have no whitespace between characters, so context
+  // growth must use Intl.Segmenter word boundaries (driven by the parsed
+  // document's own lang, per makeNewSegmenter's document-scoping) rather
+  // than splitting mid-word.
+  const input = "<html lang=ja><p>いただきますいただきます</p><p>ご馳走様</p><p>いただきますいただきます</p></html>";
+  const [first, , third] = parseMarkup(input, undefined, { textrefs: { roles: true, textFragment: true } });
+
+  const firstDirective = decodeTextFragmentDirective(first.textref);
+  const thirdDirective = decodeTextFragmentDirective(third.textref);
+  // The exact-match path normalizes via NFKD (e.g. だ -> た + a combining mark).
+  expect(firstDirective?.textStart).toBe("いただきますいただきます".normalize("NFKD"));
+  expect(firstDirective?.prefix).toBe(undefined);
+  expect(firstDirective?.suffix).toBe("ご馳走様");
+  expect(thirdDirective?.textStart).toBe("いただきますいただきます".normalize("NFKD"));
+  expect(thirdDirective?.prefix).toBe("ご馳走様");
+  expect(thirdDirective?.suffix).toBe(undefined);
+});
+
+test("decodeTextref decodes text (highlight/before/after) from a text-fragment directive, independent of cssSelector/domRange", () => {
+  const textref = `${encodeCssSelectorFragment("p")}${encodeTextFragmentDirective({ textStart: "middle", prefix: "before", suffix: "after" })}`;
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref })).toEqual({
+    cssSelector: "p",
+    text: { highlight: "middle", before: "before", after: "after" },
+  });
+
+  const bare = encodeTextFragmentDirective({ textStart: "Hello." });
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref: `#${bare}` })).toEqual({ text: { highlight: "Hello." } });
+});
+
+test("decodeTextref carries a textStart/textEnd range as fragment, not text.highlight", () => {
+  const directive = { textStart: "start", textEnd: "end", prefix: "before", suffix: "after" };
+  const textref = `${encodeCssSelectorFragment("p")}${encodeTextFragmentDirective(directive)}`;
+  expect(decodeTextref({ textref })).toEqual({
+    cssSelector: "p",
+    fragment: encodeTextFragmentDirective(directive),
+  });
+});
diff --git a/guided-navigation/tsconfig.json b/guided-navigation/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76973f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "target": "es6",
+    "lib": ["esnext", "es2022.intl", "dom", "dom.iterable"],
+    "importHelpers": true,
+    "declaration": true,
+    "declarationDir": "./types",
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "rootDir": "./",
+    "strict": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noImplicitReturns": true,
+    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": true,
+    "noUnusedParameters": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "customConditions": ["ts-toolkit-source"],
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "noEmit": false,
+    "emitDeclarationOnly": true,
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "types": ["vite/client"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/tsconfig.test.json b/guided-navigation/tsconfig.test.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70747693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/tsconfig.test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+  "include": ["src", "test"],
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "types": ["vite/client", "jest", "node"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/guided-navigation/vite.config.js b/guided-navigation/vite.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62d03e39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/guided-navigation/vite.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { resolve } from "path";
+import { defineConfig } from "vite";
+import packageJson from "./package.json";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  build: {
+    rollupOptions: {
+      input: resolve(__dirname, "src/index.ts"),
+      external: [/^@readium\/shared(\/.*)?$/, "@readium/helpers", "css-selector-generator"],
+      preserveEntrySignatures: "strict",
+      output: {
+        format: "es",
+        preserveModules: true,
+        preserveModulesRoot: resolve(__dirname, "src"),
+        dir: "dist",
+        entryFileNames: "[name].js",
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  define: {
+    "import.meta.env.PACKAGE_NAME": JSON.stringify(packageJson.name),
+    "import.meta.env.PACKAGE_VERSION": JSON.stringify(packageJson.version),
+  }
+});
diff --git a/helpers/CHANGELOG.MD b/helpers/CHANGELOG.MD
index ab9e4442..9a92831a 100644
--- a/helpers/CHANGELOG.MD
+++ b/helpers/CHANGELOG.MD
@@ -5,6 +5,16 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [1.2.0] – 2026-10-01
+
+### Added
+
+- Text helpers: `ssmlTextEscape` and `ssmlAttrEscape` escape strings for SSML text and attribute values, `startsWithBindingPunct` tests whether a string starts with punctuation that binds to the preceding text, and `BINDING_PUNCT_CLASS` is that punctuation as a regex character class
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Breaking:** requires Node.js 24 or later
+
 ## [1.1.1] – 2026-09-29
 
 ### Fixed
diff --git a/helpers/package.json b/helpers/package.json
index 781223cc..e1f3de67 100644
--- a/helpers/package.json
+++ b/helpers/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@readium/helpers",
-  "version": "1.1.1",
+  "version": "1.2.0",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "General-purpose browser helpers for Readium packages",
   "author": "readium",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     "types"
   ],
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=18"
+    "node": ">=24"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "clean": "rimraf types dist",
diff --git a/helpers/src/index.ts b/helpers/src/index.ts
index acc544ca..2b967572 100644
--- a/helpers/src/index.ts
+++ b/helpers/src/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export * from "./color.ts";
 export * from "./sML.ts";
+export * from "./text.ts";
 export * from "./textFragmentDirective.ts";
 export * from "./vendor/text-fragments-polyfill/textFragmentMatcher.ts";
 export * from "./vendor/text-fragments-polyfill/textFragmentGenerator.ts";
diff --git a/helpers/src/text.ts b/helpers/src/text.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..560e01af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/helpers/src/text.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Backward-binding: closing brackets/quotes (Pe/Pf) plus terminal marks (.,;:!? and CJK/Arabic equivalents).
+export const BINDING_PUNCT_CLASS = "\\p{Pe}\\p{Pf}.,;:!?，。、；：！？،؛؟";
+
+const BINDING_PUNCT_RE = new RegExp(`^[${BINDING_PUNCT_CLASS}]`, "u");
+
+export function startsWithBindingPunct(s: string): boolean {
+  return BINDING_PUNCT_RE.test(s);
+}
+
+export const ssmlTextEscape = (s: string) =>
+  s.replace(/&/g, "&amp;").replace(/</g, "&lt;").replace(/>/g, "&gt;");
+export const ssmlAttrEscape = (s: string) =>
+  s.replace(/&/g, "&amp;").replace(/</g, "&lt;").replace(/>/g, "&gt;").replace(/"/g, "&quot;");
diff --git a/navigator-html-injectables/CHANGELOG.MD b/navigator-html-injectables/CHANGELOG.MD
index 5571cd81..17a631ae 100644
--- a/navigator-html-injectables/CHANGELOG.MD
+++ b/navigator-html-injectables/CHANGELOG.MD
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [2.8.5] – 2026-10-01
+
+### Changed
+
+- Republished against `@readium/helpers@1.2.0`/`@readium/shared@2.7.0`
+
 ## [2.8.4] – 2026-09-29
 
 ### Changed
diff --git a/navigator-html-injectables/package.json b/navigator-html-injectables/package.json
index 8c800302..73fcaf66 100644
--- a/navigator-html-injectables/package.json
+++ b/navigator-html-injectables/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@readium/navigator-html-injectables",
-  "version": "2.8.4",
+  "version": "2.8.5",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "An embeddable solution for connecting frames of HTML publications with a Readium Navigator",
   "author": "readium",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b7e4bd7c..c3b8f6e0 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
         "navigator",
         "navigator-html-injectables",
         "shared",
-        "decorator"
+        "decorator",
+        "guided-navigation"
     ],
     "packageManager": "pnpm@11.1.0"
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index fbe943dc..ffdfbfad 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.6
-        version: 7.3.6(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.6(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
   decorator:
     dependencies:
@@ -38,7 +38,50 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.1
-        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3)
+
+  guided-navigation:
+    dependencies:
+      '@readium/helpers':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../helpers
+      '@readium/shared':
+        specifier: workspace:*
+        version: link:../shared
+      css-selector-generator:
+        specifier: ^3.9.4
+        version: 3.9.4
+    devDependencies:
+      '@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract':
+        specifier: ^30.5.2
+        version: 30.5.2(@types/jsdom@30.0.0)(jsdom@30.1.1)
+      '@types/jest':
+        specifier: ^30.0.0
+        version: 30.0.0
+      '@types/node':
+        specifier: ^26.6.3
+        version: 26.6.3
+      jest:
+        specifier: ^30.2.0
+        version: 30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3)
+      jsdom:
+        specifier: ^30.1.1
+        version: 30.1.1
+      rimraf:
+        specifier: ^6.1.3
+        version: 6.1.3
+      ts-jest:
+        specifier: ^29.4.6
+        version: 29.4.6(@babel/core@7.28.6)(@jest/transform@30.2.0)(@jest/types@30.5.1)(babel-jest@30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6))(jest-util@30.5.1)(jest@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3))(typescript@5.9.3)
+      tslib:
+        specifier: ^2.8.1
+        version: 2.8.1
+      typescript:
+        specifier: ^5.9.3
+        version: 5.9.3
+      vite:
+        specifier: ^7.3.1
+        version: 7.3.6(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
   helpers:
     dependencies:
@@ -57,7 +100,7 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.1
-        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
   navigator:
     dependencies:
@@ -97,7 +140,7 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.1
-        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
   navigator-html-injectables:
     dependencies:
@@ -122,7 +165,7 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.1
-        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
   shared:
     dependencies:
@@ -150,13 +193,13 @@ importers:
         version: 3.8.0
       jest:
         specifier: ^30.2.0
-        version: 30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3)
       rimraf:
         specifier: ^6.1.3
         version: 6.1.3
       ts-jest:
         specifier: ^29.4.6
-        version: 29.4.6(@babel/core@7.28.6)(@jest/transform@30.2.0)(@jest/types@30.2.0)(babel-jest@30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6))(jest-util@30.2.0)(jest@30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9))(typescript@5.9.3)
+        version: 29.4.6(@babel/core@7.28.6)(@jest/transform@30.2.0)(@jest/types@30.5.1)(babel-jest@30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6))(jest-util@30.5.1)(jest@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3))(typescript@5.9.3)
       tslib:
         specifier: ^2.8.1
         version: 2.8.1
@@ -165,10 +208,18 @@ importers:
         version: 5.9.3
       vite:
         specifier: ^7.3.1
-        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9)
+        version: 7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3)
 
 packages:
 
+  '@asamuzakjp/css-color@7.1.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-99DHAnXDB5z6EEK+9GMpVI7Mw4oxj97dY5bpOzMnjADQWxI8rN6TvTduuFLUhUMlS7/CfVZ06tcZsus6cltnNw==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0}
+
+  '@asamuzakjp/dom-selector@9.2.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-lSWTBMjAcmu2xn5yEDU7jh6QDV+C8GEKtdJ4pIQhXh26RkKQ7S3FuQlt+zZkUbTdJ4d3XyV1kPI/G0zWXxqaqw==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0}
+
   '@babel/code-frame@7.28.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-JYgintcMjRiCvS8mMECzaEn+m3PfoQiyqukOMCCVQtoJGYJw8j/8LBJEiqkHLkfwCcs74E3pbAUFNg7d9VNJ+Q==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.9.0'}
@@ -760,6 +811,46 @@ packages:
   '@bcoe/v8-coverage@0.2.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0hYQ8SB4Db5zvZB4axdMHGwEaQjkZzFjQiN9LVYvIFB2nSUHW9tYpxWriPrWDASIxiaXax83REcLxuSdnGPZtw==}
 
+  '@bramus/specificity@2.4.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ctxtJ/eA+t+6q2++vj5j7FYX3nRu311q1wfYH3xjlLOsczhlhxAg2FWNUXhpGvAw3BWo1xBcvOV6/YLc2r5FJw==}
+    hasBin: true
+
+  '@csstools/color-helpers@6.1.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-grhRy3OKmniaAEKXMjua5z/EODX0MSqBGjunw8+j/3HQjOnahs2AGhvEOIYVUWcU6ScApbhLhVrQTX8XqrMrow==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+
+  '@csstools/css-calc@3.4.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EtC7SoN1j6J4E4DCwg5QgbO5TGxgxIA1RXqe+W+qUM+BUcezx9wT+/tiQ/WO2yCX4i5X+Cuf9ciJ22aP4UEwWw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms': ^4.0.1
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': ^4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-color-parser@4.2.4':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DyefytAZ735mX4Dq/WcDAXFtXhaEFvme0ZS9tVEBAc2whxUthXr0R0L2rmEPm59SrMBkGrFzQviBXMs/UtnABQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms': ^4.0.1
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': ^4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ShL8BqPfbKJrJiKFH0xBbN0i7Nrh9HXYRuF+pzyj93R/BL2YAsUxJeqANErzqM+0JGl7vjHp+3OIgd/DL69YIA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': ^4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree@1.1.14':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HpbVXyrofRXpHpgkNIjU/3EWR4WJvOkO3emNK/L6X/mTJU7bGUI3AkkpoTNXznQLp0KRjLHELTGeKI5dIkI9JQ==}
+    peerDependencies:
+      css-tree: ^3.2.1
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      css-tree:
+        optional: true
+
+  '@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OoKoR0f76dCY666JlcbhmVTs2drYj1GUXZTYTcbUgJjh9Nv41aFfZ21bPQTERm5+L5cBDo466NltB2lplS5GBw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+
   '@emnapi/core@1.8.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AvT9QFpxK0Zd8J0jopedNm+w/2fIzvtPKPjqyw9jwvBaReTTqPBk9Hixaz7KbjimP+QNz605/XnjFcDAL2pqBg==}
 
@@ -925,6 +1016,15 @@ packages:
     cpu: [x64]
     os: [win32]
 
+  '@exodus/bytes@1.16.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IcpW84uEn3N7ETtNZMlxKhfl6Pec8rUNGOTBtWbK1FKhJxIFAptZyVrvVRVBimAJxJCgc3PxepxkdWWG4DVzfA==}
+    engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@noble/hashes': ^1.8.0 || ^2.0.0
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      '@noble/hashes':
+        optional: true
+
   '@isaacs/cliui@8.0.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-O8jcjabXaleOG9DQ0+ARXWZBTfnP4WNAqzuiJK7ll44AmxGKv/J2M4TPjxjY3znBCfvBXFzucm1twdyFybFqEA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
@@ -954,14 +1054,33 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-n5H8QLDJ47QqbCNn5SuFjCRDrOLEZ0h8vAHCK5RL9Ls7Xa8AQLa/YxAc9UjFqoEDM48muwtBGjtMY5cr0PLDCw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract@30.5.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-8/P+8hKv7L4mhFoB6gpYLj/fuzXk8PWrde7TDHh8tJz5pE1ktlMbg0y6hDY/V8MfAnispFlPl/vPifowLy3JGQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@types/jsdom': '*'
+      canvas: ^3.0.0
+      jsdom: '*'
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      canvas:
+        optional: true
+
   '@jest/environment@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/QPTL7OBJQ5ac09UDRa3EQes4gt1FTEG/8jZ/4v5IVzx+Cv7dLxlVIvfvSVRiiX2drWyXeBjkMSR8hvOWSog5g==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/environment@30.5.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-nwFPOUMbmsjNNRCpnJpB9HbSZu4C07wDDds++5j+j1MezzPLxMPDdbdUVjr2o4RULDOValnDd70taPFI1EtxAg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/expect-utils@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-1JnRfhqpD8HGpOmQp180Fo9Zt69zNtC+9lR+kT7NVL05tNXIi+QC8Csz7lfidMoVLPD3FnOtcmp0CEFnxExGEA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/expect-utils@30.5.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-d/HOLSrJUlBIl6n3LzOa7cjW3xdePm5H5gQw2lixZ/0h157l9sw3mLblzFqnPcTbhDzhRQdBOX3A3KcG73nm5Q==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/expect@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-V9yxQK5erfzx99Sf+7LbhBwNWEZ9eZay8qQ9+JSC0TrMR1pMDHLMY+BnVPacWU6Jamrh252/IKo4F1Xn/zfiqA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -970,10 +1089,18 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-HI3tRLjRxAbBy0VO8dqqm7Hb2mIa8d5bg/NJkyQcOk7V118ObQML8RC5luTF/Zsg4474a+gDvhce7eTnP4GhYw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/fake-timers@30.5.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-GKk0h0tKT5SpDPxDhPg3r9mm5s8/YCBzVNMOGdRiQXwUiMsjU10mVPlMaQstH6/cu50vOb8N9oQUMETHuwwxKw==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/get-type@30.1.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-eMbZE2hUnx1WV0pmURZY9XoXPkUYjpc55mb0CrhtdWLtzMQPFvu/rZkTLZFTsdaVQa+Tr4eWAteqcUzoawq/uA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/get-type@30.5.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9/2VUPitAjmBzbvDvqrxmvB7BzWsBW0WmkkojX1ODuxX1NLGxx9gfaZpHB0z8DtJ9uhGNmZG/VXBhf8uO0OV8Q==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/globals@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-b63wmnKPaK+6ZZfpYhz9K61oybvbI1aMcIs80++JI1O1rR1vaxHUCNqo3ITu6NU0d4V34yZFoHMn/uoKr/Rwfw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -982,6 +1109,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-gWp7NfQW27LaBQz3TITS8L7ZCQ0TLvtmI//4OwlQRx4rnWxcPNIYjxZpDcN4+UlGxgm3jS5QPz8IPTCkb59wZA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/pattern@30.5.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HdNQYSdRTEBNrginaqzQtTjG0HRMfrra/z6Ok7uL3S87vSlarIVohEsJsSj5edu3MiHoHjAkvPROz5ZjoKai+w==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/reporters@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-DRyW6baWPqKMa9CzeiBjHwjd8XeAyco2Vt8XbcLFjiwCOEKOvy82GJ8QQnJE9ofsxCMPjH4MfH8fCWIHHDKpAQ==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -995,6 +1126,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-DmdYgtezMkh3cpU8/1uyXakv3tJRcmcXxBOcO0tbaozPwpmh4YMsnWrQm9ZmZMfa5ocbxzbFk6O4bDPEc/iAnA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/schemas@30.5.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/hunigyNpc4RCjC0VaW3f5RCUZVM2+WQ65qP7z083Gmvac7or2LI50XVNOtE4YPgBpV0yxYiAgorAPGniCoJmg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jest/snapshot-utils@30.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0aVxM3RH6DaiLcjj/b0KrIBZhSX1373Xci4l3cW5xiUWPctZ59zQ7jj4rqcJQ/Z8JuN/4wX3FpJSa3RssVvCug==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -1019,6 +1154,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-H9xg1/sfVvyfU7o3zMfBEjQ1gcsdeTMgqHoYdN79tuLqfTtuu7WckRA1R5whDwOzxaZAeMKTYWqP+WCAi0CHsg==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  '@jest/types@30.5.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-LvVYn83nnXPl+Rg98nvcFgjx6nRMTArhSn6RAX/w3ELn54S8A42TYZvsCMdGUqTM8S0wyXbtlQdU6Hi6dykj9g==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   '@jridgewell/gen-mapping@0.3.13':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-2kkt/7niJ6MgEPxF0bYdQ6etZaA+fQvDcLKckhy1yIQOzaoKjBBjSj63/aLVjYE3qhRt5dvM+uUyfCg6UKCBbA==}
 
@@ -1196,6 +1335,9 @@ packages:
   '@sinonjs/fake-timers@13.0.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-36/hTbH2uaWuGVERyC6da9YwGWnzUZXuPro/F2LfsdOsLnCojz/iSH8MxUt/FD2S5XBSVPhmArFUXcpCQ2Hkiw==}
 
+  '@sinonjs/fake-timers@15.4.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DsG+8/LscQIQg68J6Ef3dv10u6nVyetYn923s3/sus5eaGfTo1of5WMZSLf0UJc9KDuKPilPH0UDJCjvNbDNCA==}
+
   '@tybys/wasm-util@0.10.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-9tTaPJLSiejZKx+Bmog4uSubteqTvFrVrURwkmHixBo0G4seD0zUxp98E1DzUBJxLQ3NPwXrGKDiVjwx/DpPsg==}
 
@@ -1226,15 +1368,24 @@ packages:
   '@types/jest@30.0.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-XTYugzhuwqWjws0CVz8QpM36+T+Dz5mTEBKhNs/esGLnCIlGdRy+Dq78NRjd7ls7r8BC8ZRMOrKlkO1hU0JOwA==}
 
+  '@types/jsdom@30.0.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-uAHGxujGE0cDaKGdK28zgDotFtNA7MKq5DXl8LrfdxdCI8VHcg15oJz+amHTChPNI5JpgEPQWc2xFdrw3em/nQ==}
+
   '@types/node@25.0.9':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/rpCXHlCWeqClNBwUhDcusJxXYDjZTyE8v5oTO7WbL8eij2nKhUeU89/6xgjU7N4/Vh3He0BtyhJdQbDyhiXAw==}
 
+  '@types/node@26.6.3':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-dsqMQQoeTLqu9wynDD00q573mNzso3IdQOAfHRJqLCcmCFPoGo9A1bDpUcv/9tnKpErQWv9uKeGfl37EIS02Yg==}
+
   '@types/path-browserify@1.0.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ZmHivEbNCBtAfcrFeBCiTjdIc2dey0l7oCGNGpSuRTy8jP6UVND7oUowlvDujBy8r2Hoa8bfFUOCiPWfmtkfxw==}
 
   '@types/stack-utils@2.0.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-9aEbYZ3TbYMznPdcdr3SmIrLXwC/AKZXQeCf9Pgao5CKb8CyHuEX5jzWPTkvregvhRJHcpRO6BFoGW9ycaOkYw==}
 
+  '@types/tough-cookie@4.0.5':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/Ad8+nIOV7Rl++6f1BdKxFSMgmoqEoYbHRpPcx3JEfv8VRsQe9Z4mCXeJBzxs7mbHY/XOZZuXlRNfhpVPbs6ZA==}
+
   '@types/yargs-parser@21.0.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-I4q9QU9MQv4oEOz4tAHJtNz1cwuLxn2F3xcc2iV5WdqLPpUnj30aUuxt1mAxYTG+oe8CZMV/+6rU4S4gRDzqtQ==}
 
@@ -1430,6 +1581,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-kX8h7K2srmDyYnXRIppo4AH/wYgzWVCs+eKr3RusRSQ5PvRYoEFmR/I0PbdTjKFAoKqp5+kbxnNTFO9jOfSVJg==}
     hasBin: true
 
+  bidi-js@1.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-fX1Onk0tdVPC7obPWB5EbJ1z7NVhLq4m2xZLq2YXBkxzMXIGRpNMU88n0EPgWseKl12J7zXs7qrDxPK4sRs2fg==}
+
   brace-expansion@1.1.11:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==}
 
@@ -1523,6 +1677,17 @@ packages:
   css-selector-generator@3.8.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-J+SN+2N+0IjBQ1BoAmqUkb8rLxMKiy4HuBydwNNOOPflov5mrlcxWsLZgJ7PTuCt/JTSIRbrgKfQ5K2I8Hp94g==}
 
+  css-selector-generator@3.9.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UGmb2Llm6TZB3UYu0enMCqJZna1xNPFYujde5yQml6e7Igm/fBaeDYph8rE35C1/gGjaB8HRbwVsN8v+d3P30g==}
+
+  css-tree@3.2.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-X7sjQzceUhu1u7Y/ylrRZFU2FS6LRiFVp6rKLPg23y3x3c3DOKAwuXGDp+PAGjh6CSnCjYeAul8pcT8bAl+lSA==}
+    engines: {node: ^10 || ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.0 || >=15.0.0}
+
+  data-urls@7.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-23XHcCF+coGYevirZceTVD7NdJOqVn+49IHyxgszm+JIiHLoB2TkmPtsYkNWT1pvRSGkc35L6NHs0yHkN2SumA==}
+    engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   debug@4.4.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-RGwwWnwQvkVfavKVt22FGLw+xYSdzARwm0ru6DhTVA3umU5hZc28V3kO4stgYryrTlLpuvgI9GiijltAjNbcqA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.0'}
@@ -1532,6 +1697,9 @@ packages:
       supports-color:
         optional: true
 
+  decimal.js@10.6.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-YpgQiITW3JXGntzdUmyUR1V812Hn8T1YVXhCu+wO3OpS4eU9l4YdD3qjyiKdV6mvV29zapkMeD390UVEf2lkUg==}
+
   dedent@1.7.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-9JmrhGZpOlEgOLdQgSm0zxFaYoQon408V1v49aqTWuXENVlnCuY9JBZcXZiCsZQWDjTm5Qf/nIvAy77mXDAjEg==}
     peerDependencies:
@@ -1564,6 +1732,10 @@ packages:
   emoji-regex@9.2.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-L18DaJsXSUk2+42pv8mLs5jJT2hqFkFE4j21wOmgbUqsZ2hL72NsUU785g9RXgo3s0ZNgVl42TiHp3ZtOv/Vyg==}
 
+  entities@8.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-kxL7msIffSuh9aaFAMD7rxAIuTRMAHMeBtgHW2yUdWw732ZNh4MehkF2gdjvtdmikkaIP9bFDDJOPlsvm7avrA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19.0'}
+
   error-ex@1.3.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-sqQamAnR14VgCr1A618A3sGrygcpK+HEbenA/HiEAkkUwcZIIB/tgWqHFxWgOyDh4nB4JCRimh79dR5Ywc9MDQ==}
 
@@ -1684,6 +1856,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0hJU9SCPvmMzIBdZFqNPXWa6dqh7WdH0cII9y+CyS8rG3nL48Bclra9HmKhVVUHyPWNH5Y7xDwAB7bfgSjkUMQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
 
+  html-encoding-sniffer@7.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UikN5yr7xsCDAq87Or5or0PAlD3HJJOKVzM05az588WnpDJ4Ux7a2A53Qi6gofGg2/EtvF/H4hCi/TXfCW4Y6w==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.13.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   html-escaper@2.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-H2iMtd0I4Mt5eYiapRdIDjp+XzelXQ0tFE4JS7YFwFevXXMmOp9myNrUvCg0D6ws8iqkRPBfKHgbwig1SmlLfg==}
 
@@ -1726,6 +1902,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.12.0'}
 
+  is-potential-custom-element-name@1.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bCYeRA2rVibKZd+s2625gGnGF/t7DSqDs4dP7CrLA1m7jKWz6pps0LpYLJN8Q64HtmPKJ1hrN3nzPNKFEKOUiQ==}
+
   is-stream@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hFoiJiTl63nn+kstHGBtewWSKnQLpyb155KHheA1l39uvtO9nWIop1p3udqPcUd/xbF1VLMO4n7OI6p7RbngDg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1821,10 +2000,18 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-y4DKFLZ2y6DxTWD4cDe07RglV88ZiNEdlRfGtqahfbIjfsw1nMCPx49Uev4IA/hWn3sDKyAnSPwoYSsAEdcimw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  jest-message-util@30.5.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UdQlLdd9wL/Ys7xRErckqwD6wPlSZYueosSWuHc1r2ztGLwlgPvtSJq2+BPEgaEY13WLvfFbmhTj8pba0Sd1jg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   jest-mock@30.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-JNNNl2rj4b5ICpmAcq+WbLH83XswjPbjH4T7yvGzfAGCPh1rw+xVNbtk+FnRslvt9lkCcdn9i1oAoKUuFsOxRw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  jest-mock@30.5.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-KTHb37Fhj8xY8qPFvTFaFJHcdsumQp+ExsUlgoX232Agmc706gagBs53+CYvulV7MVQo9AgXOUxsqzzVBoJlrA==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   jest-pnp-resolver@1.2.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+3NpwQEnRoIBtx4fyhblQDPgJI0H1IEIkX7ShLUjPGA7TtUTvI1oiKi3SR4oBR0hQhQR80l4WAe5RrXBwWMA8w==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -1838,6 +2025,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jHEQgBXAgc+Gh4g0p3bCevgRCVRkB4VB70zhoAE48gxeSr1hfUOsM/C2WoJgVL7Eyg//hudYENbm3Ne+/dRVVA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  jest-regex-util@30.5.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Mg0WK7A6xRHLSA1udJ8y9f3lM0uUhFTBnLKzwPmqB9AylvpleJ6BLemR8K9dK27DY+cesDryoA7yLZCAHsPG1A==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   jest-resolve-dependencies@30.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-xTOIGug/0RmIe3mmCqCT95yO0vj6JURrn1TKWlNbhiAefJRWINNPgwVkrVgt/YaerPzY3iItufd80v3lOrFJ2w==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -1862,6 +2053,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-QKNsM0o3Xe6ISQU869e+DhG+4CK/48aHYdJZGlFQVTjnbvgpcKyxpzk29fGiO7i/J8VENZ+d2iGnSsvmuHywlA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  jest-util@30.5.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-yKuxmNy2rSbTXw+3SIPanJo+nV4/BS1p26v44IYBFMsswSQySfMMcPHErnOncda7i9HEz0q605rIhSTBVgrZTg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   jest-validate@30.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-FBGWi7dP2hpdi8nBoWxSsLvBFewKAg0+uSQwBaof4Y4DPgBabXgpSYC5/lR7VmnIlSpASmCi/ntRWPbv7089Pw==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
@@ -1891,6 +2086,15 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-PMSmkqxr106Xa156c2M265Z+FTrPl+oxd/rgOQy2tijQeK5TxQ43psO1ZCwhVOSdnn+RzkzlRz/eY4BgJBYVpg==}
     hasBin: true
 
+  jsdom@30.1.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FahmoPK5vbPc+jxV1iErMHmAZypCZ942NHF4+qqaWAuvaKKTBZxawnmAtrbGWLU7MtlxfqIP0qw6aSI+aWGtLg==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      canvas: ^3.2.3
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      canvas:
+        optional: true
+
   jsesc@3.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/sM3dO2FOzXjKQhJuo0Q173wf2KOo8t4I8vHy6lF9poUp7bKT0/NHE8fPX23PwfhnykfqnC2xRxOnVw5XuGIaA==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -1928,6 +2132,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5YgH9UJd7wVb9hIouI2adWpgqrrICkt070Dnj8EUY1+B4B2P9eRLPAkAAo6NICA7CEhOIeBHl46u9zSNpNu7zA==}
     engines: {node: 20 || >=22}
 
+  lru-cache@11.5.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-U4N8FgzmWxc8k1VH8Kr6lQg18U7Fjvby6wXHVRX/ZZ7IwWbRMgrRbP0Wrb5q5NVinryp4SQampHKdvtecItxUg==}
+    engines: {node: 20 || >=22}
+
   lru-cache@5.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-KpNARQA3Iwv+jTA0utUVVbrh+Jlrr1Fv0e56GGzAFOXN7dk/FviaDW8LHmK52DlcH4WP2n6gI8vN1aesBFgo9w==}
 
@@ -1941,6 +2149,9 @@ packages:
   makeerror@1.0.12:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-JmqCvUhmt43madlpFzG4BQzG2Z3m6tvQDNKdClZnO3VbIudJYmxsT0FNJMeiB2+JTSlTQTSbU8QdesVmwJcmLg==}
 
+  mdn-data@2.27.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9Yubnt3e8A0OKwxYSXyhLymGW4sCufcLG6VdiDdUGVkPhpqLxlvP5vl1983gQjJl3tqbrM731mjaZaP68AgosQ==}
+
   merge-stream@2.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-abv/qOcuPfk3URPfDzmZU1LKmuw8kT+0nIHvKrKgFrwifol/doWcdA4ZqsWQ8ENrFKkd67Mfpo/LovbIUsbt3w==}
 
@@ -2033,6 +2244,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ayCKvm/phCGxOkYRSCM82iDwct8/EonSEgCSxWxD7ve6jHggsFl4fZVQBPRNgQoKiuV/odhFrGzQXZwbifC8Rg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
+  parse5@8.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-z1e/HMG90obSGeidlli3hj7cbocou0/wa5HacvI3ASx34PecNjNQeaHNo5WIZpWofN9kgkqV1q5YvXe3F0FoPw==}
+
   path-browserify@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-b7uo2UCUOYZcnF/3ID0lulOJi/bafxa1xPe7ZPsammBSpjSWQkjNxlt635YGS2MiR9GjvuXCtz2emr3jbsz98g==}
 
@@ -2086,12 +2300,23 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-9uBdv/B4EefsuAL+pWqueZyZS2Ba+LxfFeQ9DN14HU4bN8bhaxKdkpjpB6fs9+pSjIBu+FXQHImEg8j/Lw0+vA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
 
+  pretty-format@30.5.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-byhRAPguVKMQIj4kjJwJ5lAskVhfuiSdiYl/aLTWpgkGEmic2jYhJh1yE9ih8Ox44Xg9ccCT11/S6QrzSJuNrg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.14.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
+  punycode@2.3.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-vYt7UD1U9Wg6138shLtLOvdAu+8DsC/ilFtEVHcH+wydcSpNE20AfSOduf6MkRFahL5FY7X1oU7nKVZFtfq8Fg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6'}
+
   pure-rand@7.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-oTUZM/NAZS8p7ANR3SHh30kXB+zK2r2BPcEn/awJIbOvq82WoMN4p62AWWp3Hhw50G0xMsw1mhIBLqHw64EcNQ==}
 
   react-is@18.3.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/LLMVyas0ljjAtoYiPqYiL8VWXzUUdThrmU5+n20DZv+a+ClRoevUzw5JxU+Ieh5/c87ytoTBV9G1FiKfNJdmg==}
 
+  react-is@19.3.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-UpMYezM4v5/18F28aC66AEsjXIgE02kyEMH6yLdgLXu/UTfa1Ntwck/nNLrbqJsEXW7gPb0coNO9FQse9WTovA==}
+
   regenerate-unicode-properties@10.2.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-m03P+zhBeQd1RGnYxrGyDAPpWX/epKirLrp8e3qevZdVkKtnCrjjWczIbYc8+xd6vcTStVlqfycTx1KR4LOr0g==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
@@ -2114,6 +2339,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-fGxEI7+wsG9xrvdjsrlmL22OMTTiHRwAMroiEeMgq8gzoLC/PQr7RsRDSTLUg/bZAZtF+TVIkHc6/4RIKrui+Q==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
 
+  require-from-string@2.0.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Xf0nWe6RseziFMu+Ap9biiUbmplq6S9/p+7w7YXP/JBHhrUDDUhwa+vANyubuqfZWTveU//DYVGsDG7RKL/vEw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
+
   resolve-cwd@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-OrZaX2Mb+rJCpH/6CpSqt9xFVpN++x01XnN2ie9g6P5/3xelLAkXWVADpdz1IHD/KFfEXyE6V0U01OQ3UO2rEg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -2137,6 +2366,10 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=18.0.0', npm: '>=8.0.0'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  saxes@6.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xAg7SOnEhrm5zI3puOOKyy1OMcMlIJZYNJY7xLBwSze0UjhPLnWfj2GF2EpT0jmzaJKIWKHLsaSSajf35bcYnA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=v12.22.7'}
+
   semver@6.3.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==}
     hasBin: true
@@ -2239,6 +2472,13 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-j2Zq4NyQYG5XMST4cbs02Ak8iJUdxRM0XI5QyxXuZOzKOINmWurp3smXu3y5wDcJrptwpSjgXHzIQxR0omXljQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.0.0'}
 
+  tldts-core@7.4.16:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-MDolfaSJtlSK5Y0A1xl3277ekubZwobpBjugknDizI9O5Rm60a1m8k4ICK+MRsCDzPygT81mp3BBf5RKDlFRfA==}
+
+  tldts@7.4.16:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-QwBER5KMR86IIjpIiO7H/Z3IMJPsZ1A6RKPAqzTTgOyUQUSt9FdnKcqhTaJmkY6HVrgouZHZR0ncK5QxvmnQeg==}
+    hasBin: true
+
   tmpl@1.0.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-3f0uOEAQwIqGuWW2MVzYg8fV/QNnc/IpuJNG837rLuczAaLVHslWHZQj4IGiEl5Hs3kkbhwL9Ab7Hrsmuj+Smw==}
 
@@ -2246,6 +2486,14 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8.0'}
 
+  tough-cookie@6.0.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-exgYmnmL/sJpR3upZfXG5PoatXQii55xAiXGXzY+sROLZ/Y+SLcp9PgJNI9Vz37HpQ74WvDcLT8eqm+kV3FzrA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=16'}
+
+  tr46@6.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bLVMLPtstlZ4iMQHpFHTR7GAGj2jxi8Dg0s2h2MafAE4uSWF98FC/3MomU51iQAMf8/qDUbKWf5GxuvvVcXEhw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
   ts-jest@29.4.6:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-fSpWtOO/1AjSNQguk43hb/JCo16oJDnMJf3CdEGNkqsEX3t0KX96xvyX1D7PfLCpVoKu4MfVrqUkFyblYoY4lA==}
     engines: {node: ^14.15.0 || ^16.10.0 || ^18.0.0 || >=20.0.0}
@@ -2301,6 +2549,16 @@ packages:
   undici-types@7.16.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Zz+aZWSj8LE6zoxD+xrjh4VfkIG8Ya6LvYkZqtUQGJPZjYl53ypCaUwWqo7eI0x66KBGeRo+mlBEkMSeSZ38Nw==}
 
+  undici-types@8.11.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-iMVNmWZ0leK/goS6eXMizSzmm9CDWtyphwbaCms3DNLqRxDL+mMoNVcZMTyyVgXP0N+Z8neAMzDoUOUJL8veKg==}
+
+  undici-types@8.9.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-KTDyRTYX8sWmKXAikPHHSyc63CRPETMctyjKFupcC6OBLXT3xsN0e9aF7m+mIXutFWpUXuedtowG7iLOzp0kQg==}
+
+  undici@8.11.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-u4UB2/IrKdU6lFxumHmmo1a3fCQO5tzQllRorfoRS63txhrB7xTpSn1PftwC4qEHkOaqP95fCWW4lJzwErwzhQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=22.19.0'}
+
   unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dA8WbNeb2a6oQzAQ55YlT5vQAWGV9WXOsi3SskE3bcCdM0P4SDd+24zS/OCacdRq5BkdsRj9q3Pg6YyQoxIGqg==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
@@ -2413,9 +2671,29 @@ packages:
       yaml:
         optional: true
 
+  w3c-xmlserializer@6.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4Nsy8K5Tr6SPDH9jhKJOHf7ChDrc1zufZTVSF7x72hwuEXBqxqk9G6cK+K2NRUtB3iELRJqjXb4JPDMBjMTl2Q==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0}
+
   walker@1.0.8:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ts/8E8l5b7kY0vlWLewOkDXMmPdLcVV4GmOQLyxuSswIJsweeFZtAsMF7k1Nszz+TYBQrlYRmzOnr398y1JemQ==}
 
+  webidl-conversions@8.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BMhLD/Sw+GbJC21C/UgyaZX41nPt8bUTg+jWyDeg7e7YN4xOM05YPSIXceACnXVtqyEw/LMClUQMtMZ+PGGpqQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
+  whatwg-mimetype@5.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-sXcNcHOC51uPGF0P/D4NVtrkjSU2fNsm9iog4ZvZJsL3rjoDAzXZhkm2MWt1y+PUdggKAYVoMAIYcs78wJ51Cw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
+  whatwg-url@16.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1to4zXBxmXHV3IiSSEInrreIlu02vUOvrhxJJH5vcxYTBDAx51cqZiKdyTxlecdKNSjj8EcxGBxNf6Vg+945gw==}
+    engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
+  whatwg-url@17.1.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TEZA+Zqxin7Jjsm2cjRohCmen5awh+hT6Zi3VZdqZlNRk7zvOI/9WpBFg/DWlA56bWnzwm6DuB8NS0EsxQH9uQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^22.14.0 || >=24.0.0}
+
   which@2.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BLI3Tl1TW3Pvl70l3yq3Y64i+awpwXqsGBYWkkqMtnbXgrMD+yj7rhW0kuEDxzJaYXGjEW5ogapKNMEKNMjibA==}
     engines: {node: '>= 8'}
@@ -2439,6 +2717,13 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+QU2zd6OTD8XWIJCbffaiQeH9U73qIqafo1x6V1snCWYGJf6cVE0cDR4D8xRzcEnfI21IFrUPzPGtcPf8AC+Rw==}
     engines: {node: ^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0}
 
+  xml-name-validator@5.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EvGK8EJ3DhaHfbRlETOWAS5pO9MZITeauHKJyb8wyajUfQUenkIg2MvLDTZ4T/TgIcm3HU0TFBgWWboAZ30UHg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
+  xmlchars@2.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw==}
+
   y18n@5.0.8:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0pfFzegeDWJHJIAmTLRP2DwHjdF5s7jo9tuztdQxAhINCdvS+3nGINqPd00AphqJR/0LhANUS6/+7SCb98YOfA==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
@@ -2460,6 +2745,21 @@ packages:
 
 snapshots:
 
+  '@asamuzakjp/css-color@7.1.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-calc': 3.4.1(@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2))(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-color-parser': 4.2.4(@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2))(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms': 4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': 4.0.2
+      lru-cache: 11.5.3
+
+  '@asamuzakjp/dom-selector@9.2.2':
+    dependencies:
+      bidi-js: 1.1.0
+      css-tree: 3.2.1
+      is-potential-custom-element-name: 1.0.1
+      lru-cache: 11.5.3
+
   '@babel/code-frame@7.28.6':
     dependencies:
       '@babel/helper-validator-identifier': 7.28.5
@@ -3216,6 +3516,34 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@bcoe/v8-coverage@0.2.3': {}
 
+  '@bramus/specificity@2.4.2':
+    dependencies:
+      css-tree: 3.2.1
+
+  '@csstools/color-helpers@6.1.2': {}
+
+  '@csstools/css-calc@3.4.1(@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2))(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms': 4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': 4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-color-parser@4.2.4(@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2))(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@csstools/color-helpers': 6.1.2
+      '@csstools/css-calc': 3.4.1(@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2))(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms': 4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': 4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-parser-algorithms@4.0.1(@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@csstools/css-tokenizer': 4.0.2
+
+  '@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree@1.1.14(css-tree@3.2.1)':
+    optionalDependencies:
+      css-tree: 3.2.1
+
+  '@csstools/css-tokenizer@4.0.2': {}
+
   '@emnapi/core@1.8.1':
     dependencies:
       '@emnapi/wasi-threads': 1.1.0
@@ -3310,6 +3638,8 @@ snapshots:
   '@esbuild/win32-x64@0.27.2':
     optional: true
 
+  '@exodus/bytes@1.16.0': {}
+
   '@isaacs/cliui@8.0.2':
     dependencies:
       string-width: 5.1.2
@@ -3376,6 +3706,17 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@jest/diff-sequences@30.0.1': {}
 
+  '@jest/environment-jsdom-abstract@30.5.2(@types/jsdom@30.0.0)(jsdom@30.1.1)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/environment': 30.5.2
+      '@jest/fake-timers': 30.5.2
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@types/jsdom': 30.0.0
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      jest-mock: 30.5.2
+      jest-util: 30.5.1
+      jsdom: 30.1.1
+
   '@jest/environment@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       '@jest/fake-timers': 30.2.0
@@ -3383,10 +3724,21 @@ snapshots:
       '@types/node': 25.0.9
       jest-mock: 30.2.0
 
+  '@jest/environment@30.5.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/fake-timers': 30.5.2
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      jest-mock: 30.5.2
+
   '@jest/expect-utils@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       '@jest/get-type': 30.1.0
 
+  '@jest/expect-utils@30.5.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/get-type': 30.5.0
+
   '@jest/expect@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       expect: 30.2.0
@@ -3403,8 +3755,19 @@ snapshots:
       jest-mock: 30.2.0
       jest-util: 30.2.0
 
+  '@jest/fake-timers@30.5.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@sinonjs/fake-timers': 15.4.0
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      jest-message-util: 30.5.1
+      jest-mock: 30.5.2
+      jest-util: 30.5.1
+
   '@jest/get-type@30.1.0': {}
 
+  '@jest/get-type@30.5.0': {}
+
   '@jest/globals@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       '@jest/environment': 30.2.0
@@ -3419,6 +3782,11 @@ snapshots:
       '@types/node': 25.0.9
       jest-regex-util: 30.0.1
 
+  '@jest/pattern@30.5.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      jest-regex-util: 30.5.0
+
   '@jest/reporters@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       '@bcoe/v8-coverage': 0.2.3
@@ -3451,6 +3819,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@sinclair/typebox': 0.34.47
 
+  '@jest/schemas@30.5.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@sinclair/typebox': 0.34.47
+
   '@jest/snapshot-utils@30.2.0':
     dependencies:
       '@jest/types': 30.2.0
@@ -3508,6 +3880,16 @@ snapshots:
       '@types/yargs': 17.0.35
       chalk: 4.1.2
 
+  '@jest/types@30.5.1':
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/pattern': 30.5.0
+      '@jest/schemas': 30.5.0
+      '@types/istanbul-lib-coverage': 2.0.6
+      '@types/istanbul-reports': 3.0.4
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      '@types/yargs': 17.0.35
+      chalk: 4.1.2
+
   '@jridgewell/gen-mapping@0.3.13':
     dependencies:
       '@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec': 1.5.5
@@ -3626,6 +4008,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
 
+  '@sinonjs/fake-timers@15.4.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
+
   '@tybys/wasm-util@0.10.1':
     dependencies:
       tslib: 2.8.1
@@ -3669,14 +4055,27 @@ snapshots:
       expect: 30.2.0
       pretty-format: 30.2.0
 
+  '@types/jsdom@30.0.0':
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      '@types/tough-cookie': 4.0.5
+      parse5: 8.0.1
+      undici-types: 8.11.2
+
   '@types/node@25.0.9':
     dependencies:
       undici-types: 7.16.0
 
+  '@types/node@26.6.3':
+    dependencies:
+      undici-types: 8.9.0
+
   '@types/path-browserify@1.0.3': {}
 
   '@types/stack-utils@2.0.3': {}
 
+  '@types/tough-cookie@4.0.5': {}
+
   '@types/yargs-parser@21.0.3': {}
 
   '@types/yargs@17.0.35':
@@ -3851,6 +4250,10 @@ snapshots:
 
   baseline-browser-mapping@2.9.15: {}
 
+  bidi-js@1.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      require-from-string: 2.0.2
+
   brace-expansion@1.1.11:
     dependencies:
       balanced-match: 1.0.2
@@ -3937,10 +4340,26 @@ snapshots:
 
   css-selector-generator@3.8.0: {}
 
+  css-selector-generator@3.9.4: {}
+
+  css-tree@3.2.1:
+    dependencies:
+      mdn-data: 2.27.1
+      source-map-js: 1.2.1
+
+  data-urls@7.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      whatwg-mimetype: 5.0.0
+      whatwg-url: 16.0.1
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@noble/hashes'
+
   debug@4.4.3:
     dependencies:
       ms: 2.1.3
 
+  decimal.js@10.6.0: {}
+
   dedent@1.7.1: {}
 
   deepmerge@4.3.1: {}
@@ -3957,6 +4376,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   emoji-regex@9.2.2: {}
 
+  entities@8.1.0: {}
+
   error-ex@1.3.4:
     dependencies:
       is-arrayish: 0.2.1
@@ -4101,6 +4522,12 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       function-bind: 1.1.2
 
+  html-encoding-sniffer@7.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@exodus/bytes': 1.16.0
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@noble/hashes'
+
   html-escaper@2.0.2: {}
 
   human-signals@2.1.0: {}
@@ -4131,6 +4558,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   is-number@7.0.0: {}
 
+  is-potential-custom-element-name@1.0.1: {}
+
   is-stream@2.0.1: {}
 
   isexe@2.0.0: {}
@@ -4204,7 +4633,7 @@ snapshots:
       - babel-plugin-macros
       - supports-color
 
-  jest-cli@30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9):
+  jest-cli@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3):
     dependencies:
       '@jest/core': 30.2.0
       '@jest/test-result': 30.2.0
@@ -4212,7 +4641,7 @@ snapshots:
       chalk: 4.1.2
       exit-x: 0.2.2
       import-local: 3.2.0
-      jest-config: 30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9)
+      jest-config: 30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3)
       jest-util: 30.2.0
       jest-validate: 30.2.0
       yargs: 17.7.2
@@ -4255,6 +4684,38 @@ snapshots:
       - babel-plugin-macros
       - supports-color
 
+  jest-config@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3):
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/core': 7.28.6
+      '@jest/get-type': 30.1.0
+      '@jest/pattern': 30.0.1
+      '@jest/test-sequencer': 30.2.0
+      '@jest/types': 30.2.0
+      babel-jest: 30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6)
+      chalk: 4.1.2
+      ci-info: 4.3.1
+      deepmerge: 4.3.1
+      glob: 10.5.0
+      graceful-fs: 4.2.11
+      jest-circus: 30.2.0
+      jest-docblock: 30.2.0
+      jest-environment-node: 30.2.0
+      jest-regex-util: 30.0.1
+      jest-resolve: 30.2.0
+      jest-runner: 30.2.0
+      jest-util: 30.2.0
+      jest-validate: 30.2.0
+      micromatch: 4.0.8
+      parse-json: 5.2.0
+      pretty-format: 30.2.0
+      slash: 3.0.0
+      strip-json-comments: 3.1.1
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@types/node': 26.6.3
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - babel-plugin-macros
+      - supports-color
+
   jest-diff@30.2.0:
     dependencies:
       '@jest/diff-sequences': 30.0.1
@@ -4323,18 +4784,40 @@ snapshots:
       slash: 3.0.0
       stack-utils: 2.0.6
 
+  jest-message-util@30.5.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@babel/code-frame': 7.28.6
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@types/stack-utils': 2.0.3
+      chalk: 4.1.2
+      graceful-fs: 4.2.11
+      jest-util: 30.5.1
+      picomatch: 4.0.3
+      pretty-format: 30.5.1
+      slash: 3.0.0
+      stack-utils: 2.0.6
+
   jest-mock@30.2.0:
     dependencies:
       '@jest/types': 30.2.0
       '@types/node': 25.0.9
       jest-util: 30.2.0
 
+  jest-mock@30.5.2:
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/expect-utils': 30.5.2
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      jest-util: 30.5.1
+
   jest-pnp-resolver@1.2.3(jest-resolve@30.2.0):
     optionalDependencies:
       jest-resolve: 30.2.0
 
   jest-regex-util@30.0.1: {}
 
+  jest-regex-util@30.5.0: {}
+
   jest-resolve-dependencies@30.2.0:
     dependencies:
       jest-regex-util: 30.0.1
@@ -4442,6 +4925,15 @@ snapshots:
       graceful-fs: 4.2.11
       picomatch: 4.0.3
 
+  jest-util@30.5.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
+      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      chalk: 4.1.2
+      ci-info: 4.3.1
+      graceful-fs: 4.2.11
+      picomatch: 4.0.3
+
   jest-validate@30.2.0:
     dependencies:
       '@jest/get-type': 30.1.0
@@ -4470,12 +4962,12 @@ snapshots:
       merge-stream: 2.0.0
       supports-color: 8.1.1
 
-  jest@30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9):
+  jest@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3):
     dependencies:
       '@jest/core': 30.2.0
       '@jest/types': 30.2.0
       import-local: 3.2.0
-      jest-cli: 30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9)
+      jest-cli: 30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3)
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - '@types/node'
       - babel-plugin-macros
@@ -4490,6 +4982,31 @@ snapshots:
       argparse: 1.0.10
       esprima: 4.0.1
 
+  jsdom@30.1.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@asamuzakjp/css-color': 7.1.2
+      '@asamuzakjp/dom-selector': 9.2.2
+      '@bramus/specificity': 2.4.2
+      '@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree': 1.1.14(css-tree@3.2.1)
+      '@exodus/bytes': 1.16.0
+      css-tree: 3.2.1
+      data-urls: 7.0.0
+      decimal.js: 10.6.0
+      html-encoding-sniffer: 7.0.0
+      is-potential-custom-element-name: 1.0.1
+      lru-cache: 11.5.3
+      parse5: 8.0.1
+      saxes: 6.0.0
+      tough-cookie: 6.0.2
+      undici: 8.11.2
+      w3c-xmlserializer: 6.0.0
+      webidl-conversions: 8.0.1
+      whatwg-mimetype: 5.0.0
+      whatwg-url: 17.1.2
+      xml-name-validator: 5.0.0
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@noble/hashes'
+
   jsesc@3.1.0: {}
 
   json-parse-even-better-errors@2.3.1: {}
@@ -4512,6 +5029,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   lru-cache@11.5.0: {}
 
+  lru-cache@11.5.3: {}
+
   lru-cache@5.1.1:
     dependencies:
       yallist: 3.1.1
@@ -4526,6 +5045,8 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       tmpl: 1.0.5
 
+  mdn-data@2.27.1: {}
+
   merge-stream@2.0.0: {}
 
   micromatch@4.0.8:
@@ -4602,6 +5123,10 @@ snapshots:
       json-parse-even-better-errors: 2.3.1
       lines-and-columns: 1.2.4
 
+  parse5@8.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      entities: 8.1.0
+
   path-browserify@1.0.1: {}
 
   path-exists@4.0.0: {}
@@ -4646,10 +5171,21 @@ snapshots:
       ansi-styles: 5.2.0
       react-is: 18.3.1
 
+  pretty-format@30.5.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@jest/react-is-18': react-is@18.3.1
+      '@jest/react-is-19': react-is@19.3.0
+      '@jest/schemas': 30.5.0
+      ansi-styles: 5.2.0
+
+  punycode@2.3.1: {}
+
   pure-rand@7.0.1: {}
 
   react-is@18.3.1: {}
 
+  react-is@19.3.0: {}
+
   regenerate-unicode-properties@10.2.2:
     dependencies:
       regenerate: 1.4.2
@@ -4673,6 +5209,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   require-directory@2.1.1: {}
 
+  require-from-string@2.0.2: {}
+
   resolve-cwd@3.0.0:
     dependencies:
       resolve-from: 5.0.0
@@ -4721,6 +5259,10 @@ snapshots:
       '@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc': 4.55.2
       fsevents: 2.3.3
 
+  saxes@6.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      xmlchars: 2.2.0
+
   semver@6.3.1: {}
 
   semver@7.7.3: {}
@@ -4808,18 +5350,32 @@ snapshots:
       fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.3)
       picomatch: 4.0.3
 
+  tldts-core@7.4.16: {}
+
+  tldts@7.4.16:
+    dependencies:
+      tldts-core: 7.4.16
+
   tmpl@1.0.5: {}
 
   to-regex-range@5.0.1:
     dependencies:
       is-number: 7.0.0
 
-  ts-jest@29.4.6(@babel/core@7.28.6)(@jest/transform@30.2.0)(@jest/types@30.2.0)(babel-jest@30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6))(jest-util@30.2.0)(jest@30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9))(typescript@5.9.3):
+  tough-cookie@6.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      tldts: 7.4.16
+
+  tr46@6.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      punycode: 2.3.1
+
+  ts-jest@29.4.6(@babel/core@7.28.6)(@jest/transform@30.2.0)(@jest/types@30.5.1)(babel-jest@30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6))(jest-util@30.5.1)(jest@30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3))(typescript@5.9.3):
     dependencies:
       bs-logger: 0.2.6
       fast-json-stable-stringify: 2.1.0
       handlebars: 4.7.8
-      jest: 30.2.0(@types/node@25.0.9)
+      jest: 30.2.0(@types/node@26.6.3)
       json5: 2.2.3
       lodash.memoize: 4.1.2
       make-error: 1.3.6
@@ -4830,9 +5386,9 @@ snapshots:
     optionalDependencies:
       '@babel/core': 7.28.6
       '@jest/transform': 30.2.0
-      '@jest/types': 30.2.0
+      '@jest/types': 30.5.1
       babel-jest: 30.2.0(@babel/core@7.28.6)
-      jest-util: 30.2.0
+      jest-util: 30.5.1
 
   tslib@2.8.1: {}
 
@@ -4849,6 +5405,12 @@ snapshots:
 
   undici-types@7.16.0: {}
 
+  undici-types@8.11.2: {}
+
+  undici-types@8.9.0: {}
+
+  undici@8.11.2: {}
+
   unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript@2.0.1: {}
 
   unicode-match-property-ecmascript@2.0.0:
@@ -4898,7 +5460,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@types/istanbul-lib-coverage': 2.0.6
       convert-source-map: 2.0.0
 
-  vite@7.3.1(@types/node@25.0.9):
+  vite@7.3.1(@types/node@26.6.3):
     dependencies:
       esbuild: 0.27.2
       fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.3)
@@ -4907,10 +5469,10 @@ snapshots:
       rollup: 4.55.2
       tinyglobby: 0.2.15
     optionalDependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      '@types/node': 26.6.3
       fsevents: 2.3.3
 
-  vite@7.3.6(@types/node@25.0.9):
+  vite@7.3.6(@types/node@26.6.3):
     dependencies:
       esbuild: 0.27.2
       fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.3)
@@ -4919,13 +5481,37 @@ snapshots:
       rollup: 4.55.2
       tinyglobby: 0.2.15
     optionalDependencies:
-      '@types/node': 25.0.9
+      '@types/node': 26.6.3
       fsevents: 2.3.3
 
+  w3c-xmlserializer@6.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      xml-name-validator: 5.0.0
+
   walker@1.0.8:
     dependencies:
       makeerror: 1.0.12
 
+  webidl-conversions@8.0.1: {}
+
+  whatwg-mimetype@5.0.0: {}
+
+  whatwg-url@16.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@exodus/bytes': 1.16.0
+      tr46: 6.0.0
+      webidl-conversions: 8.0.1
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@noble/hashes'
+
+  whatwg-url@17.1.2:
+    dependencies:
+      '@exodus/bytes': 1.16.0
+      tr46: 6.0.0
+      webidl-conversions: 8.0.1
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - '@noble/hashes'
+
   which@2.0.2:
     dependencies:
       isexe: 2.0.0
@@ -4951,6 +5537,10 @@ snapshots:
       imurmurhash: 0.1.4
       signal-exit: 4.1.0
 
+  xml-name-validator@5.0.0: {}
+
+  xmlchars@2.2.0: {}
+
   y18n@5.0.8: {}
 
   yallist@3.1.1: {}
diff --git a/pnpm-workspace.yaml b/pnpm-workspace.yaml
index 41ef3c8b..0f7e154f 100644
--- a/pnpm-workspace.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-workspace.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ packages:
   - 'navigator'
   - 'navigator-html-injectables'
   - 'decorator'
+  - 'guided-navigation'
 
 minimumReleaseAge: 4320 # 3 days
 blockExoticSubdeps: true
diff --git a/shared/CHANGELOG.MD b/shared/CHANGELOG.MD
index 83234e52..c0625214 100644
--- a/shared/CHANGELOG.MD
+++ b/shared/CHANGELOG.MD
@@ -5,6 +5,29 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [2.7.0] – 2026-10-01
+
+### Added
+
+- `GuidedNavigationObject.id` and `GuidedNavigationObject.videoref`
+- `GuidedNavigationDescription`, the Guided Navigation description object (`audioref`, `imgref`, `textref`, `videoref` and `text`)
+
+### Changed
+
+- **Breaking:** requires Node.js 24 or later
+- **Breaking:** Guided Navigation models now follow the Guided Navigation JSON schema:
+  - `GuidedNavigationObject.level` is removed
+  - `GuidedNavigationDocument.links` is removed, and `GuidedNavigationDocument.guided` is required
+  - `GuidedNavigationObject.description` is a `GuidedNavigationDescription`
+  - `GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize` returns `undefined` when `guided` has no valid object
+  - `GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize` returns `undefined` for an object with none of `audioref`, `imgref`, `textref`, `videoref`, `text` or `children`, and invalid children are dropped
+  - `GuidedNavigationText.deserialize` returns `undefined` for an empty string or an object with neither `plain` nor `ssml`
+
+### Deprecated
+
+- `HTMLResourceContentIterator`: use `@readium/guided-navigation` and `@readium/speech` instead
+- `TextContentTokenizer`/`ContentTokenizer` and the text tokenizers (`Tokenizer`, `TextTokenizer`, `TextUnit`, `Range`, `DefaultTextContentTokenizer`, `IntlTextTokenizer`, `NaiveTextTokenizer`, `speakableToken`): `@readium/speech` segments text itself
+
 ## [2.6.0] – 2026-09-29
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/shared/jest.config.cjs b/shared/jest.config.cjs
index 2320708d..eec6d6f7 100644
--- a/shared/jest.config.cjs
+++ b/shared/jest.config.cjs
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ module.exports = {
     testMatch: ["**/*.test.ts"],
     testEnvironment: "node",
     setupFiles: ["<rootDir>/jest.setup.js"],
-    transformIgnorePatterns: ["/node_modules/(?!css-selector-generator)/"]
+    transformIgnorePatterns: ["/node_modules/(?!(\\.pnpm/)?css-selector-generator)"]
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/shared/package.json b/shared/package.json
index 03f14a54..26bd7b94 100644
--- a/shared/package.json
+++ b/shared/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@readium/shared",
-  "version": "2.6.0",
+  "version": "2.7.0",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Shared models to be used across other Readium projects and implementations in Typescript",
   "author": "readium",
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     "types"
   ],
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=18"
+    "node": ">=24"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite",
diff --git a/shared/src/publication/GuidedNavigation.ts b/shared/src/publication/GuidedNavigation.ts
index 45b2f848..9a48445c 100644
--- a/shared/src/publication/GuidedNavigation.ts
+++ b/shared/src/publication/GuidedNavigation.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {
   arrayfromJSONorString,
   setToArray,
 } from '../util/JSONParse.ts';
-import { Links } from "./Link.ts";
 
 export interface Clip {
     audioResource: string;
@@ -16,35 +15,34 @@ export interface Clip {
  * https://readium.org/guided-navigation/schema/document.schema.json
  */
 export class GuidedNavigationDocument {
-    public readonly links?: Links;
-    public readonly guided?: GuidedNavigationObject[];
+    /** Non-empty sequence of objects meant to be presented sequentially to the user. */
+    public readonly guided: GuidedNavigationObject[];
 
     constructor(values: {
-        links?: Links;
-        guided?: GuidedNavigationObject[];
+        guided: GuidedNavigationObject[];
     }) {
-        this.links = values.links;
         this.guided = values.guided;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Deserializes a GuidedNavigationDocument from JSON.
+     * Returns undefined if `guided` is missing or has no valid object.
+     */
     public static deserialize(json: any): GuidedNavigationDocument | undefined {
         if (!json) return;
-        return new GuidedNavigationDocument({
-            links: Links.deserialize(json.links),
-            guided: GuidedNavigationObject.deserializeArray(json.guided),
-        });
+        const guided = GuidedNavigationObject.deserializeArray(json.guided);
+        if (!guided || guided.length === 0) return;
+        return new GuidedNavigationDocument({ guided });
     }
 
     public serialize(): any {
-        const json: any = {};
-        if (this.links !== undefined) json.links = this.links.serialize();
-        if (this.guided !== undefined) json.guided = this.guided.map(x => x.serialize());
-        return json;
+        return { guided: this.guided.map(x => x.serialize()) };
     }
 }
 
 /**
  * Represents a text value containing plain text, SSML, and language information.
+ * https://readium.org/guided-navigation/schema/text.schema.json
  */
 export class GuidedNavigationText {
     /** Plain text content */
@@ -76,11 +74,11 @@ export class GuidedNavigationText {
         if (json === undefined || json === null) return undefined;
 
         if (typeof json === 'string') {
-            return new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: json });
+            return json.length > 0 ? new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: json }) : undefined;
         }
 
-        // Only create if there are actual values
-        if (json.plain || json.ssml || json.language) {
+        // The schema requires a non-empty `plain` or `ssml`
+        if (json.plain || json.ssml) {
             return new GuidedNavigationText({
                 plain: json.plain,
                 ssml: json.ssml,
@@ -104,11 +102,82 @@ export class GuidedNavigationText {
 }
 
 /**
- * Guided Navigation Object
- * https://github.com/readium/guided-navigation/blob/main/schema/object.schema.json
+ * Text, audio, image or video description of a Guided Navigation Object.
+ * https://readium.org/guided-navigation/schema/description.schema.json
  */
+export class GuidedNavigationDescription {
+    /** References an audio resource or a fragment of it. */
+    public readonly audioref?: string;
+
+    /** References an image or a fragment of it. */
+    public readonly imgref?: string;
+
+    /** References a textual resource or a fragment of it. */
+    public readonly textref?: string;
+
+    /** References a video resource or a fragment of it. */
+    public readonly videoref?: string;
+
+    /** Textual description. */
+    public readonly text?: GuidedNavigationText;
+
+    constructor(values: {
+        audioref?: string;
+        imgref?: string;
+        textref?: string;
+        videoref?: string;
+        text?: GuidedNavigationText;
+    }) {
+        this.audioref = values.audioref;
+        this.imgref = values.imgref;
+        this.textref = values.textref;
+        this.videoref = values.videoref;
+        this.text = values.text;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deserializes a GuidedNavigationDescription from JSON.
+     * Returns undefined if it has none of the refs nor text.
+     */
+    public static deserialize(json: any): GuidedNavigationDescription | undefined {
+        if (!json) return undefined;
+        const description = new GuidedNavigationDescription({
+            audioref: json.audioref,
+            imgref: json.imgref,
+            textref: json.textref,
+            videoref: json.videoref,
+            text: GuidedNavigationText.deserialize(json.text)
+        });
+        if (
+            description.audioref === undefined &&
+            description.imgref === undefined &&
+            description.textref === undefined &&
+            description.videoref === undefined &&
+            description.text === undefined
+        ) return undefined;
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public serialize(): any {
+        const json: any = {};
+        if (this.audioref !== undefined) json.audioref = this.audioref;
+        if (this.imgref !== undefined) json.imgref = this.imgref;
+        if (this.textref !== undefined) json.textref = this.textref;
+        if (this.videoref !== undefined) json.videoref = this.videoref;
+        const text = this.text?.serialize();
+        if (text !== undefined) json.text = text;
+        return json;
+    }
+}
 
+/**
+ * Guided Navigation Object
+ * https://readium.org/guided-navigation/schema/document.schema.json
+ */
 export class GuidedNavigationObject {
+  /** Identifier of the object. */
+  public readonly id?: string;
+
   /** References an audio resource or a fragment of it. */
   public readonly audioref?: string;
 
@@ -121,13 +190,6 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
   /** Convey the structural semantics of a publication. */
   public readonly role?: Set<string>;
 
-  /**
-   * Indicates the heading level (1-6) for the navigation object.
-   * @minimum 1
-   * @maximum 6
-   */
-  public readonly level?: number;
-
   /**
    * Textual equivalent of the resources or fragment of the resources referenced by the current Guided Navigation Object.
    */
@@ -136,32 +198,34 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
   /** References a textual resource or a fragment of it. */
   public readonly textref?: string;
 
-  /**
-   * Describes the image referenced by the current Guided Navigation Object.
-   * This is a GuidedNavigationObject that should not contain 'level' or 'children' properties.
-   */
-  public readonly description?: Omit<GuidedNavigationObject, 'level' | 'children'>;
+  /** References a video resource or a fragment of it. */
+  public readonly videoref?: string;
+
+  /** Text, audio, image or video description of the current Guided Navigation Object. */
+  public readonly description?: GuidedNavigationDescription;
 
     /**
      * Creates a [GuidedNavigation] object.
     */
     constructor(values: {
+        id?: string;
         audioref?: string;
         children?: GuidedNavigationObject[];
         imgref?: string;
         role?: Set<string>;
-        level?: number;
         text?: GuidedNavigationText;
         textref?: string;
-        description?: Omit<GuidedNavigationObject, 'level' | 'children'>;
+        videoref?: string;
+        description?: GuidedNavigationDescription;
     }) {
+        this.id = values.id;
         this.audioref = values.audioref;
         this.children = values.children;
         this.imgref = values.imgref;
         this.role = values.role;
-        this.level = values.level !== undefined ? Math.min(6, Math.max(1, values.level)) : undefined;
         this.text = values.text;
         this.textref = values.textref;
+        this.videoref = values.videoref;
         this.description = values.description;
     }
 
@@ -188,23 +252,35 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Deserializes a GuidedNavigationObject from JSON
+     * Deserializes a GuidedNavigationObject from JSON.
+     * Returns undefined if it has none of the refs, text, nor children.
      */
     public static deserialize(json: any): GuidedNavigationObject | undefined {
         if (!json) return undefined;
 
-        return new GuidedNavigationObject({
+        const children = GuidedNavigationObject.deserializeArray(json.children);
+        const obj = new GuidedNavigationObject({
+            id: typeof json.id === 'string' ? json.id : undefined,
             audioref: json.audioref,
-            children: GuidedNavigationObject.deserializeArray(json.children),
+            children: children && children.length > 0 ? children : undefined,
             imgref: json.imgref,
             role: json.role
                 ? new Set<string>(arrayfromJSONorString(json.role))
                 : undefined,
-            level: typeof json.level === 'number' ? json.level : undefined,
             text: GuidedNavigationText.deserialize(json.text),
             textref: json.textref,
-            description: GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize(json.description)
+            videoref: json.videoref,
+            description: GuidedNavigationDescription.deserialize(json.description)
         });
+        if (
+            obj.audioref === undefined &&
+            obj.imgref === undefined &&
+            obj.textref === undefined &&
+            obj.videoref === undefined &&
+            obj.text === undefined &&
+            obj.children === undefined
+        ) return undefined;
+        return obj;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -213,8 +289,8 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
     public static deserializeArray(json: any): GuidedNavigationObject[] | undefined {
         if (!(Array.isArray(json))) return undefined;
         return json
-            .map<GuidedNavigationObject>((item) => GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize(item) as GuidedNavigationObject)
-            .filter((x) => x !== undefined);
+            .map((item) => GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize(item))
+            .filter((x): x is GuidedNavigationObject => x !== undefined);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -222,11 +298,11 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
      */
     public serialize(): any {
         const json: any = {};
+        if (this.id !== undefined) json.id = this.id;
         if (this.audioref !== undefined) json.audioref = this.audioref;
         if (this.children !== undefined) json.children = this.children.map(x => x.serialize());
         if (this.imgref !== undefined) json.imgref = this.imgref;
         if (this.role !== undefined) json.role = setToArray(this.role);
-        if (this.level !== undefined) json.level = this.level;
         if (this.text !== undefined) {
             const serializedText = this.text.serialize();
             if (serializedText !== undefined) {
@@ -234,9 +310,8 @@ export class GuidedNavigationObject {
             }
         }
         if (this.textref !== undefined) json.textref = this.textref;
-        if (this.description) {
-            json.description = this.description.serialize();
-        }
+        if (this.videoref !== undefined) json.videoref = this.videoref;
+        if (this.description !== undefined) json.description = this.description.serialize();
         return json;
     }
 
diff --git a/shared/src/publication/services/content/ContentTokenizer.ts b/shared/src/publication/services/content/ContentTokenizer.ts
index 1be1f43a..37d94012 100644
--- a/shared/src/publication/services/content/ContentTokenizer.ts
+++ b/shared/src/publication/services/content/ContentTokenizer.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ import { DefaultTextContentTokenizer, Range, TextTokenizer, TextUnit, Tokenizer
 import { Locator, LocatorText } from "../../Locator.ts";
 import { ContentElement, TextElement, TextSegment } from "./element/index.ts";
 
-// A tokenizer splitting a [Content.Element] into smaller pieces.
+/**
+ * A tokenizer splitting a [Content.Element] into smaller pieces.
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
+ */
 export type ContentTokenizer  = Tokenizer<ContentElement, ContentElement>;
 
+/** @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself. */
 export class TextContentTokenizer implements ContentTokenizer {
     /**
      *
diff --git a/shared/src/publication/services/content/iterators/HTMLResourceContentIterator.ts b/shared/src/publication/services/content/iterators/HTMLResourceContentIterator.ts
index 98f1a997..db3d818c 100644
--- a/shared/src/publication/services/content/iterators/HTMLResourceContentIterator.ts
+++ b/shared/src/publication/services/content/iterators/HTMLResourceContentIterator.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ interface ElementWithDelta {
  * If you want to start from the end of the resource, the [locator] must have a `progression` of 1.0.
  *
  * Locators will contain a `before` context of up to `beforeMaxLength` characters.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/guided-navigation` and `@readium/speech` instead.
  */
 export class HTMLResourceContentIterator extends Iterator {
     private currentElement: ElementWithDelta | null = null;
diff --git a/shared/src/util/tokenizer/TextTokenizer.ts b/shared/src/util/tokenizer/TextTokenizer.ts
index 5455f0e4..8f2a9cd3 100644
--- a/shared/src/util/tokenizer/TextTokenizer.ts
+++ b/shared/src/util/tokenizer/TextTokenizer.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,21 @@ import { Tokenizer } from "./Tokenizer.ts";
 import BasicEnglishTokenizer from "./tokenize-english/index.js";
 import BasicTokenizer, { TextlintSegment } from "./tokenize-text/index.js";
 
-// Start / End
+/**
+ * Start / End
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
+ */
 export type Range = [number, number];
 
 /**
  * A tokenizer splitting a String into range tokens (e.g. words, sentences, etc.).
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
  */
 export type TextTokenizer = Tokenizer<string, Range>;
 
 /**
  * A text token unit which can be used with a [TextTokenizer].
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
  */
 export enum TextUnit {
     Word = "word",
@@ -20,7 +25,10 @@ export enum TextUnit {
     Paragraph = "paragraph",
 }
 
-//  A default cluster [TextTokenizer] taking advantage of the best capabilities of the navigator
+/**
+ * A default cluster [TextTokenizer] taking advantage of the best capabilities of the navigator
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
+ */
 export const DefaultTextContentTokenizer = (language: Language | null, unit: TextUnit): TextTokenizer => {
     if("Segmenter" in Intl) {
         // Available in any evergreen browser EXCEPT for Firefox.
@@ -35,6 +43,7 @@ export const DefaultTextContentTokenizer = (language: Language | null, unit: Tex
 /**
  * A [TextTokenizer] using the Intl.Segmenter API.
  * Very aware of language-specific rules since it uses ICU behind the scenes.
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
  */
 export class IntlTextTokenizer implements TextTokenizer {
     private segmenter: Intl.Segmenter;
@@ -68,6 +77,7 @@ export class IntlTextTokenizer implements TextTokenizer {
  * A [TextTokenizer] using a naive approach to splitting text into tokens.
  * This is a fallback for browsers that don't support Intl.Segmenter.
  * It works mainly on English and similar languages. Don't use unless necessary.
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
  */
 export class NaiveTextTokenizer {
     private tokenizer: BasicTokenizer;
@@ -116,8 +126,11 @@ export class NaiveTextTokenizer {
 
 const trimmedMatcher = new RegExp("[\\p{L}\\p{N}]+", "u");
 
-// Unicode-aware of checking if there's anything that can be spoken in a string
-// "Spoken" in this case means at least one unicode letter or unicode number character
+/**
+ * Unicode-aware of checking if there's anything that can be spoken in a string
+ * "Spoken" in this case means at least one unicode letter or unicode number character
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
+ */
 export const speakableToken = (token: string): string | null => {
     const trimmedToken = token.trimEnd();
     if(trimmedToken.length === 0) return null;
diff --git a/shared/src/util/tokenizer/Tokenizer.ts b/shared/src/util/tokenizer/Tokenizer.ts
index 04bf3c2e..fee320ce 100644
--- a/shared/src/util/tokenizer/Tokenizer.ts
+++ b/shared/src/util/tokenizer/Tokenizer.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 /**
  * A tokenizer splits a piece of data [D] into a list of [T] tokens.
+ * @deprecated Use `@readium/speech`, which segments text itself.
  */
 export interface Tokenizer<D, T> {
     tokenize(data: D): T[];
diff --git a/shared/test/GuidedNavigation.test.ts b/shared/test/GuidedNavigation.test.ts
index d0dcb1a5..29cf4a27 100644
--- a/shared/test/GuidedNavigation.test.ts
+++ b/shared/test/GuidedNavigation.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-import { Link, Links } from '../src/publication/Link';
-import { GuidedNavigationDocument, GuidedNavigationObject, GuidedNavigationText } from '../src/publication/GuidedNavigation';
+import {
+  GuidedNavigationDescription,
+  GuidedNavigationDocument,
+  GuidedNavigationObject,
+  GuidedNavigationText
+} from '../src/publication/GuidedNavigation';
 
 describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
   describe('GuidedNavigationText', () => {
@@ -31,6 +35,14 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
       expect(GuidedNavigationText.deserialize(undefined)).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
+    it('rejects an empty string', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationText.deserialize('')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an object with neither plain nor ssml', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationText.deserialize({ language: 'en' })).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
     it('serialize works fine', () => {
       const text = new GuidedNavigationText({
         plain: 'Hello',
@@ -72,6 +84,45 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('GuidedNavigationDescription', () => {
+    it('handles null input', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDescription.deserialize(null)).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('parse full JSON', () => {
+      const description = GuidedNavigationDescription.deserialize({
+        audioref: 'description.mp3#t=0,5',
+        imgref: 'image.jpg',
+        textref: 'text.html#desc',
+        videoref: 'video.mp4',
+        text: 'A cowboy is looking at the city.'
+      });
+      expect(description?.audioref).toBe('description.mp3#t=0,5');
+      expect(description?.imgref).toBe('image.jpg');
+      expect(description?.textref).toBe('text.html#desc');
+      expect(description?.videoref).toBe('video.mp4');
+      expect(description?.text?.plain).toBe('A cowboy is looking at the city.');
+    });
+
+    it('rejects JSON with none of the refs nor text', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDescription.deserialize({})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDescription.deserialize({ role: ['image'] })).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('serializes all properties correctly', () => {
+      const description = new GuidedNavigationDescription({
+        audioref: 'description.mp3',
+        videoref: 'video.mp4',
+        text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Description' })
+      });
+      expect(description.serialize()).toEqual({
+        audioref: 'description.mp3',
+        videoref: 'video.mp4',
+        text: { plain: 'Description' }
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('GuidedNavigationObject', () => {
     it('handles null input', () => {
       expect(GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize(null)).toBeUndefined();
@@ -83,16 +134,16 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
 
     it('parse minimal JSON', () => {
       const obj = GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({
-        text: 'Hello',
-        level: 2
+        text: 'Hello'
       });
-      
+
       expect(obj).toBeDefined();
       expect(obj?.text?.plain).toBe('Hello');
-      expect(obj?.level).toBe(2);
+      expect(obj?.id).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.audioref).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.imgref).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.textref).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(obj?.videoref).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.description).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.role).toBeUndefined();
       expect(obj?.children).toBeUndefined();
@@ -100,70 +151,74 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
 
     it('parse full JSON', () => {
       const obj = GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({
+        id: 'p1',
         audioref: 'audio.mp3#t=10,20',
         imgref: 'image.jpg',
         textref: 'text.html#fragment',
+        videoref: 'video.mp4#t=5',
         role: 'section',
-        level: 2,
         text: {
           plain: 'Hello',
           ssml: '<speak>Hello</speak>',
           language: 'en'
         },
-        description: new GuidedNavigationObject({
-          text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Description' })
-        }),
+        description: {
+          text: 'Description'
+        },
         children: [{
-          text: 'Child',
-          level: 3
+          text: 'Child'
         }]
       });
-      
+
       expect(obj).toBeDefined();
+      expect(obj?.id).toBe('p1');
       expect(obj?.audioref).toBe('audio.mp3#t=10,20');
       expect(obj?.imgref).toBe('image.jpg');
       expect(obj?.textref).toBe('text.html#fragment');
+      expect(obj?.videoref).toBe('video.mp4#t=5');
       expect(obj?.role).toEqual(new Set(['section']));
-      expect(obj?.level).toBe(2);
       expect(obj?.text?.plain).toBe('Hello');
       expect(obj?.text?.ssml).toBe('<speak>Hello</speak>');
       expect(obj?.text?.language).toBe('en');
       expect(obj?.description?.text?.plain).toBe('Description');
       expect(obj?.children).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(obj?.children?.[0].text?.plain).toBe('Child');
-      expect(obj?.children?.[0].level).toBe(3);
     });
 
-    it('level is clamped between 1 and 6', () => {
-      const tooLow = new GuidedNavigationObject({ 
-        text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' }), 
-        level: 0 
-      });
-      const tooHigh = new GuidedNavigationObject({ 
-        text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' }), 
-        level: 7 
+    it('rejects JSON with none of the refs, text, nor children', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({ id: 'p1', role: ['paragraph'] })).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({ children: [] })).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('accepts JSON with only children', () => {
+      const obj = GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({ children: [{ text: 'Child' }] });
+      expect(obj?.children).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('drops invalid children', () => {
+      const obj = GuidedNavigationObject.deserialize({
+        text: 'Parent',
+        children: [{ text: 'Child' }, { role: ['paragraph'] }]
       });
-      
-      expect(tooLow.level).toBe(1);
-      expect(tooHigh.level).toBe(6);
+      expect(obj?.children).toHaveLength(1);
     });
 
     it('audioFile and audioTime work fine', () => {
-      const withTime = new GuidedNavigationObject({ 
+      const withTime = new GuidedNavigationObject({
         audioref: 'audio.mp3#t=10,20',
         text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' })
       });
-      
+
       expect(withTime.audioFile).toBe('audio.mp3');
       expect(withTime.audioTime).toBe('t=10,20');
     });
 
     it('clip works fine', () => {
-      const withTime = new GuidedNavigationObject({ 
+      const withTime = new GuidedNavigationObject({
         audioref: 'audio.mp3#t=10,20',
         text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' })
       });
-      
+
       const clip = withTime.clip;
       expect(clip).toBeDefined();
       if (clip) {
@@ -174,129 +229,77 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
     });
 
     it('textFile and fragmentId work fine', () => {
-      const withRef = new GuidedNavigationObject({ 
+      const withRef = new GuidedNavigationObject({
         textref: 'text.html#fragment',
         text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' })
       });
-      
+
       expect(withRef.textFile).toBe('text.html');
       expect(withRef.fragmentId).toBe('fragment');
     });
 
     it('serializes all properties correctly', () => {
       const obj = new GuidedNavigationObject({
+        id: 'p1',
         audioref: 'audio.mp3#t=10,20',
         imgref: 'image.jpg',
         textref: 'text.html#fragment',
-        role: new Set(['section']),
-        level: 2,
+        videoref: 'video.mp4',
+        role: new Set(['section', 'note']),
         text: new GuidedNavigationText({
           plain: 'Hello',
           ssml: '<speak>Hello</speak>',
           language: 'en'
         }),
-        description: new GuidedNavigationObject({
+        description: new GuidedNavigationDescription({
           text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Description' })
         }),
         children: [
           new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Child' }),
-            level: 3
+            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Child' })
           })
         ]
       });
 
-      const serialized = obj.serialize();
-      
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
+      expect(obj.serialize()).toEqual({
+        id: 'p1',
         audioref: 'audio.mp3#t=10,20',
         imgref: 'image.jpg',
         textref: 'text.html#fragment',
-        role: ['section'],
-        level: 2,
+        videoref: 'video.mp4',
+        role: ['section', 'note'],
         text: {
           plain: 'Hello',
           ssml: '<speak>Hello</speak>',
           language: 'en'
         },
-        description: new GuidedNavigationObject({
-          text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Description' })
-        }),
+        description: {
+          text: { plain: 'Description' }
+        },
         children: [{
-          text: { plain: 'Child' },
-          level: 3
+          text: { plain: 'Child' }
         }]
       });
     });
 
     it('omits undefined properties during serialization', () => {
       const obj = new GuidedNavigationObject({
-        text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' }),
-        level: 1
+        text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' })
       });
 
-      const serialized = obj.serialize();
-      
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        text: { plain: 'Test' },
-        level: 1
+      expect(obj.serialize()).toEqual({
+        text: { plain: 'Test' }
       });
     });
 
     it('handles empty text object', () => {
       const obj = new GuidedNavigationObject({
-        text: new GuidedNavigationText({}),
-        level: 1
-      });
-      
-      const serialized = obj.serialize();
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        level: 1
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('handles all properties together', () => {
-      const obj = new GuidedNavigationObject({
-        audioref: 'audio.mp3',
-        imgref: 'image.jpg',
         textref: 'text.html',
-        role: new Set(['section', 'note']),
-        level: 2,
-        text: new GuidedNavigationText({
-          plain: 'Hello',
-          ssml: '<speak>Hello</speak>',
-          language: 'en'
-        }),
-        description: new GuidedNavigationObject({
-          text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test description' })
-        }),
-        children: [
-          new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Child' }),
-            level: 3
-          })
-        ]
+        text: new GuidedNavigationText({})
       });
 
-      const serialized = obj.serialize();
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        audioref: 'audio.mp3',
-        imgref: 'image.jpg',
-        textref: 'text.html',
-        role: ['section', 'note'],
-        level: 2,
-        text: {
-          plain: 'Hello',
-          ssml: '<speak>Hello</speak>',
-          language: 'en'
-        },
-        description: {
-          text: { plain: "Test description" }
-        },
-        children: [{
-          text: { plain: 'Child' },
-          level: 3
-        }]
+      expect(obj.serialize()).toEqual({
+        textref: 'text.html'
       });
     });
   });
@@ -313,135 +316,40 @@ describe('GuidedNavigation Tests', () => {
     it('parse minimal JSON', () => {
       const doc = GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({
         guided: [{
-          text: 'Hello',
-          level: 1
+          text: 'Hello'
         }]
       });
-      
-      expect(doc).toBeDefined();
-      expect(doc?.guided).toHaveLength(1);
-      expect(doc?.guided?.[0].text?.plain).toBe('Hello');
-      expect(doc?.guided?.[0].level).toBe(1);
-    });
 
-    it('parse JSON with links', () => {
-      const doc = GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({
-        links: [{
-          href: 'http://example.com',
-          rel: ['self']
-        }],
-        guided: [{
-          text: 'Hello',
-          level: 1
-        }]
-      });
-      
       expect(doc).toBeDefined();
-      expect(doc?.links).toBeDefined();
-      if (doc?.links) {
-        expect(doc.links.items.length).toBe(1);
-        const link = doc.links.items[0];
-        expect(link.href).toBe('http://example.com');
-      }
       expect(doc?.guided).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(doc?.guided[0].text?.plain).toBe('Hello');
     });
 
-    it('serializes with guided navigation objects', () => {
-      const doc = new GuidedNavigationDocument({
-        guided: [
-          new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Hello' }),
-            level: 1
-          }),
-          new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'World' }),
-            level: 2
-          })
-        ]
-      });
-      
-      const serialized = doc.serialize();
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        guided: [
-          {
-            text: { plain: 'Hello' },
-            level: 1
-          },
-          {
-            text: { plain: 'World' },
-            level: 2
-          }
-        ]
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('serializes with links', () => {
-      const links = new Links([
-        new Link({
-          href: 'http://example.com',
-          rels: new Set(['self'])
-        })
-      ]);
-
-      const doc = new GuidedNavigationDocument({
-        links,
-        guided: [
-          new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' }),
-            level: 1
-          })
-        ]
-      });
-      
-      const serialized = doc.serialize();
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        links: [
-          { href: 'http://example.com', rel: ['self'] }
-        ],
-        guided: [
-          {
-            text: { plain: 'Test' },
-            level: 1
-          }
-        ]
-      });
+    it('rejects a missing or empty guided array', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({ guided: [] })).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
-    it('handles empty guided array', () => {
-      const doc = GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({
-        guided: []
-      });
-      
-      expect(doc).toBeDefined();
-      expect(doc?.guided).toHaveLength(0);
+    it('rejects a guided array with no valid object', () => {
+      expect(GuidedNavigationDocument.deserialize({ guided: [{ role: ['paragraph'] }] })).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
-    it('handles both links and guided', () => {
+    it('serializes with guided navigation objects', () => {
       const doc = new GuidedNavigationDocument({
-        links: new Links([
-          new Link({
-            href: 'http://example.com',
-            rels: new Set(['self'])
-          })
-        ]),
         guided: [
           new GuidedNavigationObject({
-            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Test' }),
-            level: 1
+            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'Hello' })
+          }),
+          new GuidedNavigationObject({
+            text: new GuidedNavigationText({ plain: 'World' })
           })
         ]
       });
 
-      const serialized = doc.serialize();
-      expect(serialized).toEqual({
-        links: [
-          { href: 'http://example.com', rel: ['self'] }
-        ],
+      expect(doc.serialize()).toEqual({
         guided: [
-          {
-            text: { plain: 'Test' },
-            level: 1
-          }
+          { text: { plain: 'Hello' } },
+          { text: { plain: 'World' } }
         ]
       });
     });