FIX: Use ODBC 3.x parameter types instead of ODBC 2.x (#758)

### Work Item / Issue Reference
> Closes #757

-------------------------------------------------------------------
### Summary

Use ODBC 3.x concise temporal SQL types for Python-side parameter
inference. Canonicalize legacy temporal hints passed to
`setinputsizes()` before binding while preserving exported constant
values. Add focused coverage for inferred and explicit temporal types.

### Validation

- `python -m black --check --line-length=100 mssql_python/ tests/`
- Focused mapping tests: 3 passed
- `tests/test_000_dependencies.py`: 35 passed, 3 skipped
- Live SQL tests not run locally because `DB_CONNECTION_STRING` is
unavailable.

---------

Co-authored-by: Theekshna Kotian <tkotian@microsoft.com>

Author: Theekshna

mssql_python/cursor.py

@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
 # encoding and must be rejected at detect time on both paths (see _map_sql_type).
 BIGINT_MIN: int = -(2**63)
 BIGINT_MAX: int = 2**63 - 1
+ODBC3_TEMPORAL_SQL_TYPES = {
+    ddbc_sql_const.SQL_DATE.value: ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_DATE.value,
+    ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TIME.value: ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIME.value,
+    ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TIMESTAMP.value: ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value,
+}
 
 
 def _normalize_time_param(value, c_type):
@@ -947,7 +952,7 @@ def _map_sql_type(  # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-positional-arg
                 )
             # Naive datetime -> TIMESTAMP
             return (
-                ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TIMESTAMP.value,
+                ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value,
                 ddbc_sql_const.SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value,
                 26,
                 6,
@@ -956,7 +961,7 @@ def _map_sql_type(  # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-positional-arg
 
         if isinstance(param, datetime.date):
             return (
-                ddbc_sql_const.SQL_DATE.value,
+                ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_DATE.value,
                 ddbc_sql_const.SQL_C_TYPE_DATE.value,
                 10,
                 0,
@@ -1180,6 +1185,8 @@ def setinputsizes(self, sizes: List[Union[int, tuple]]) -> None:
                             f"Invalid SQL type: {sql_type}. Must be a valid SQL type constant."
                         )
 
+                    sql_type = ODBC3_TEMPORAL_SQL_TYPES.get(sql_type, sql_type)
+
                     # Validate size and precision
                     if not isinstance(column_size, int) or column_size < 0:
                         raise ValueError(
@@ -1210,6 +1217,8 @@ def setinputsizes(self, sizes: List[Union[int, tuple]]) -> None:
                             f"Invalid SQL type: {sql_type}. Must be a valid SQL type constant."
                         )
 
+                    sql_type = ODBC3_TEMPORAL_SQL_TYPES.get(sql_type, sql_type)
+
                     self._inputsizes.append(
                         (sql_type, self._get_c_type_for_sql_type(sql_type), 0, 0)
                     )

tests/test_004_cursor.py

@@ -2520,6 +2520,58 @@ def test_map_sql_type_none_returns_sql_unknown_type():
     assert is_dae is False
 
 
+def test_map_sql_type_uses_odbc3_temporal_types():
+    """Python-side inference uses ODBC 3.x temporal SQL types."""
+    from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+    from mssql_python.constants import ConstantsDDBC as ddbc_sql_const
+
+    cursor = MagicMock(spec=mssql_python.Cursor)
+    _map_sql_type = mssql_python.Cursor._map_sql_type.__get__(cursor)
+
+    date_type = _map_sql_type(date(2025, 1, 1), [date(2025, 1, 1)], 0)
+    datetime_type = _map_sql_type(datetime(2025, 1, 1), [datetime(2025, 1, 1)], 0)
+
+    assert date_type[0] == ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_DATE.value
+    assert datetime_type[0] == ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value
+
+
+def test_setinputsizes_canonicalizes_odbc2_temporal_types():
+    """Legacy temporal hints are converted before reaching SQLBindParameter."""
+    from mssql_python.constants import ConstantsDDBC as ddbc_sql_const
+
+    cursor = object.__new__(mssql_python.Cursor)
+
+    cursor.setinputsizes(
+        [
+            (ddbc_sql_const.SQL_DATE.value, 10, 0),
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TIME.value,
+            (ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TIMESTAMP.value, 26, 6),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert cursor._inputsizes == [
+        (
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_DATE.value,
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_C_TYPE_DATE.value,
+            10,
+            0,
+        ),
+        (
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIME.value,
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_C_TYPE_TIME.value,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ),
+        (
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value,
+            ddbc_sql_const.SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP.value,
+            26,
+            6,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------
 # GH-610: SQLDescribeParam cache coverage tests
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

tests/test_023_execute_path_parity.py

@@ -664,10 +664,10 @@ def _param_basetype(cursor, value):
     (b"", _c.SQL_VARBINARY, _c.SQL_C_BINARY, 1, 0, False),
     (b"abc", _c.SQL_VARBINARY, _c.SQL_C_BINARY, 3, 0, False),
     # date / datetime / time
-    (datetime.date(2024, 1, 1), _c.SQL_DATE, _c.SQL_C_TYPE_DATE, 10, 0, False),
+    (datetime.date(2024, 1, 1), _c.SQL_TYPE_DATE, _c.SQL_C_TYPE_DATE, 10, 0, False),
     (
         datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-        _c.SQL_TIMESTAMP,
+        _c.SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
         _c.SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
         26,
         6,