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<meta name="description" content="Web API 集成对于手机应用和 Web 应用都是必要的。到 Full Stack Python 上学习更多关于 API 集成的知识。">
<title>API 集成 - Full Stack Python</title>
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<h1>API 集成</h1>
<p>大部分生产环境中的 Python Web 应用都依赖一些外部托管的应用程序编程接口 (API)。API 也通常被称作第三方服务或外部平台。 这样的例子包括提供信息和语音服务的 <a href="https://www.twilio.com/docs/">Twilio</a>,提供支付处理的 <a href="https://stripe.com/docs/api">Stripe</a> 和提供嵌入网页的评论功能的 <a href="https://disqus.com/api/docs/">Disqus</a>。</p>
<p>关于如何合理设计 API 的文章相对较多,然而有关 API 集成最佳实践的文章却很少。但是,因 API 为许多实现领域提供了关键功能,该主题的重要性正在持续提高。</p>
<h2>托管的 API 测试服务</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.runscope.com/">Runscope</a> 是专门为 API 设计的一项服务,它能辅助开发人员进行自动化测试和流量监视。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://apiary.io/">Apiary</a> 能为 API 的创建提供蓝图,从而使人们能更加容易地进行测试并创建出清晰的文档。</p>
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<h2>API 集成相关资源</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>相比 API 的辅助库,一些开发人员更喜欢使用 <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/">Requests</a>。如果那样,不妨看下 <a href="http://engineering.hackerearth.com/2014/08/21/python-requests-module/">关于如何使用 requests 访问 Web APIs 的教程</a> 这篇文章。</p>
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<li>
<p>Product Hunt 列出了大量常用的 <a href="https://www.producthunt.com/e/an-api-for-everything">收费和免费 Web APIs</a>,说明了 “API 无处不在”。</p>
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<li>
<p><a href="http://18f.github.io/API-All-the-X/">18F API-All-the-X 列表</a> 收集了所有政府发布的 Web API。当有新的 API 上线时,这份列表也会作相应的更新。</p>
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<li>
<p>如果你使用 Requests,不妨看下这篇简洁实用的指南,<a href="http://www.mobify.com/blog/http-requests-are-hard/">如何使用 Python 对 HTTP 错误进行优雅地处理</a>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>John Sheehan 的 "<a href="https://speakerdeck.com/johnsheehan/zen-and-the-art-of-api-maintenance">API 维护之禅与艺术</a>" 这个幻灯片是有关 API 集成的。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Randall Degges 的 "<a href="https://stormpath.com/blog/api-driven-development/">API 驱动的开发</a>" 这篇文章讲解了 API 的使用如何能减少你需要编写的代码量及维护量,从而使你能更快地完成应用开发。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/SmartBear_Software/safe-sex-with-thirdparty-apis">确保第三方 API 使用时的安全性</a> 这篇文章非常有趣,它高度总结了当你的应用需要使用第三方服务时,你应该如何做才能确保安全性。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.coglib.com/~icordasc/blog/2014/12/retries-in-requests.html">在 Requests 中进行重试操作</a> 是篇不错的教程,讲述了如何使用 Requests 这个库来轻松地对失败的 HTTP 请求进行重新尝试。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>我在 DjangoCon 2013 上专门讲述了 "<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGP8DQIqxXs">如何使 Django 能与第三方服务更好集成</a>。"</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>如果你想找一个使用了两种 Web API 的 Django 应用项目示例,不妨参照这个教程,<a href="https://www.twilio.com/blog/2014/11/build-your-own-pokedex-with-django-mms-and-pokeapi.html">使用 Django、MMS 和 PokéAPI 来创作你自己的 Pokédex</a>。</p>
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<li>
<p><a href="https://www.brianthicks.com/2014/12/01/test-apis-properly-with-vcr-py/">vcr.py</a> 是捕获并重新执行带模拟数据的 HTTP 请求的一种方法。它对于 API 集成非常有用。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/caching-external-api-requests/">缓存外部 API 请求</a> 是一篇很好的文章,讲述了当使用 Requests 库访问外部 Web API 时,如何才能最大限度地减少 HTTP 调用所需的次数。</p>
</li>
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<h2>API 集成学习清单</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p>挑选一个具有一流文档的 API。这里有一份 <a href="https://medium.com/she-hacks-hacker-academy/4d3c43be9386">非常适合初学者的十种 API</a>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>查阅你所选 API 的相关文档。找到通过使用 API 能对你的应用有所改善的地方。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在开始写代码前,先使用命令行中的 <a href="http://curl.haxx.se/">cURL</a> 或者浏览器中的 <a href="http://www.getpostman.com/">Postman</a> 对该 API 进行练习。通过练习有助于你更好地掌握 API 认证以及请求与返回所需数据的相关知识。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>评估是要用一个辅助库,还是用 <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/">Requests</a>。辅助库通常更易使用,而 Requests 可使你对 HTTP 调用施加更多控制。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>将 API 调用移到 <a href="/task-queues.html">任务队列</a>,从而使其不会阻塞 Web 应用的 请求-应答 流程。</p>
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<h3>将 Web API 集成到项目中后,接下来要做什么?</h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 简介</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>学习编程</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>为什么用 Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python 2 还是 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>企业 Python</a><a href="/python-community.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python Community</a><a href="/best-python-podcasts.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Podcasts</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 资源</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 视频</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. 开发环境</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. 核心语言</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>生成器</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>推导式</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web 开发</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 框架</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>其它 Web 框架</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 设计</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>级联样式表 (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>模板引擎</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 应用安全</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>静态网站生成器</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. 数据</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>关系型数据库</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>NoSQL 数据存储</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>对象关系映射器</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 集成</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 的创建</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Twilio</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 部署</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>服务器</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>平台即服务(PaaS)</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>操作系统</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 服务器</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WSGI 服务器</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>源码控制</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>应用程序依赖</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>静态内容</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>任务队列</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>配置管理</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>持续集成</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>日志</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>监控</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 分析</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Docker</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>缓存</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>微服务</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>DevOps</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Nginx</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Apache HTTP 服务器</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Caddy</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/pelican.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pelican</a><a href="/lektor.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Lektor</a><a href="/mkdocs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MkDocs</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. 测试</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>单元测试</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>集成测试</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>代码度量</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>调试</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bots</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>About the Author</a><a href="/sqlalchemy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLAlchemy</a><a href="/peewee.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Peewee</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...或者<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">显示全部目录内容</span>.</a>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">API 集成</h3></div>
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重要的更新内容会通过 Twitter 账号<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>发布。
<hr/>
需要更加详细的教程吗?请看
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">《The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments》。</a>
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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 简介</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. 开发环境</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. 核心语言</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web 开发</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. 数据</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a> <a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» API 集成</a>
<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 部署</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. 测试</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
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This site is based on <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a>'s project <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai/fullstackpython.com">Full Stack Python</a>, thanks for his excellent work!
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