From bbd25000b113a0b87b28a6dc42eb0dce5e189fa3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laura Trotta <153528055+l-trotta@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2026 16:31:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] proper message for nested errors (#1335)

---
 .../_types/ElasticsearchException.java        | 28 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/java-client/src/main/java/co/elastic/clients/elasticsearch/_types/ElasticsearchException.java b/java-client/src/main/java/co/elastic/clients/elasticsearch/_types/ElasticsearchException.java
index bad5ca1067..74b927db6c 100644
--- a/java-client/src/main/java/co/elastic/clients/elasticsearch/_types/ElasticsearchException.java
+++ b/java-client/src/main/java/co/elastic/clients/elasticsearch/_types/ElasticsearchException.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import co.elastic.clients.transport.http.TransportHttpClient;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * Exception thrown by API client methods when Elasticsearch could not accept or
@@ -40,12 +41,37 @@ public class ElasticsearchException extends RuntimeException {
 
 	public ElasticsearchException(String endpointId, ErrorResponse response,
 			@Nullable TransportHttpClient.Response httpResponse) {
-		super("[" + endpointId + "] failed: [" + response.error().type() + "] " + response.error().reason());
+		super(buildCompleteErrorMessage(endpointId, response));
 		this.response = response;
 		this.endpointId = endpointId;
 		this.httpResponse = httpResponse;
 	}
 
+	private static String buildCompleteErrorMessage(String endpointId, ErrorResponse response) {
+		ErrorCause error = response.error();
+		StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
+		message.append("[").append(endpointId).append("] failed: [").append(error.type()).append("] ")
+				.append(error.reason());
+
+		// Nested errors
+		for (ErrorCause cause = error.causedBy(); cause != null; cause = cause.causedBy()) {
+			message.append("; caused by: [").append(cause.type()).append("] ").append(cause.reason());
+		}
+
+		// Root causes carry the actual error for generic errors such "all shards failed"
+		for (ErrorCause rootCause : error.rootCause()) {
+			// Avoid repeating same message
+			if (Objects.equals(rootCause.type(), error.type()) && Objects.equals(rootCause.reason(), error.reason())) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			message.append("; root cause: [").append(rootCause.type()).append("] ").append(rootCause.reason());
+			for (ErrorCause cause = rootCause.causedBy(); cause != null; cause = cause.causedBy()) {
+				message.append("; caused by: [").append(cause.type()).append("] ").append(cause.reason());
+			}
+		}
+		return message.toString();
+	}
+
 	public ElasticsearchException(String endpointId, ErrorResponse response) {
 		this(endpointId, response, null);
 	}